Purchasing corporate services

In addition to organized healthcare, private self-insured corporations may also contract directly with a PBM for services. Depending on the size of the PBM and its willingness to work with small groups, contracts may be written for prescription benefit management for small companies. However, many small companies enlist the services of a TPA for representation when it comes to purchasing the services of a PBM. 

Commercial grades of PVP, K-15, K-30, K-90, and K-120 and the quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimthylaminoethylmethacrylate (poly-VP/ DMAEMA) made by International Specialty Products (ISP) were used in this study. PEO standard calibration kits were purchased from Polymer Laboratories Ltd. (PL), American Polymer Standards Corporation (APSC), Polymer Standards Service (PSS), and Tosoh Corporation (TSK). In addition, two narrow NIST standards, 1923 and 1924, were used to evaluate commercial PEO standards. Deionized, filtered water, and high-performance liquid chromatography grade methanol purchased from Aldrich or Fischer Scientific were used in this study. Lithium nitrate (LiN03) from Aldrich was the salt added to the mobile phases to control for polyelectrolyte effects. 

With the exception of stilbene, all organic compounds listed in Table I (samples 14 to 28) were either obtained commercially or prepared by scientists at the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory using well-established methods. Purchased chemicals were from both Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Fluka Chemical Corporation, Ronkonkoma, New York. The Raman data for stilbene were taken from the literature [17]. Whenever the purity of a compound was in doubt, it was checked by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Raman spectra reported here are from compounds that were more than 99% pure. 

ESOP Stock Plan (Employees Stock Ownership Plank This type of plan is in wide use. Typically, the plan borrows money from a bank and uses those funds to purchase a large block of the corporation s stock. The corporation makes contributions to the plan over a period of time, and the stock purchase loan is eventually paid off. The value of the plan grows significantly as long as the market price of the stock holds up. Qualified employees are allocated a share of the plan based on their length of service and... 

Multiseller securitization conduits typically issue short term commercial paper or medium term notes in the capital markets to fund their purchases of receivables from originators. See, e.g.. Corporate Asset Funding Co., Inc., Fitch Investors Service, Structured Finance, New Issue, June 15,1992, at 81 (discussing Corporate Asset Funding Co., Inc. s 7 billion commercial paper and medium term note program) Mark H. Adelson, Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Understanding the Risks, Moody s Investors Service, Structured Finance, Special Report, Apr. 1993. 

Exxon, Arco, Amoco, Mobil, and Ashland also entered the mining of copper and other industrial minerals. For Mobil and Exxon, the latter included uranium. By 1993, however, these units had been spun off. A few firms strayed even further afield. Exxon and Arco undertook the production of computer products and provided computer services. Exxon even went so far as to acquire an innovative electric-motor enterprise. Reliance Electric. As mentioned above, Mobil purchased Montgomery Ward and the Container Corporation of America, while Occidental bought Iowa Beef, the nation s most successful meat packer. By the mid-1990s, however, the petroleum companies had sold off nearly all these acquisitions. By then, nearly all American industrial corporations had learned that such unrelated diversification could rarely remain profitable for more than a decade and defined their strategic boundaries accordingly. 

Never before the Internet arrived was such valuable corporate employment information made so abundantly and easily available to job seekers. (Even chemists who do not own computers or subscribe to Internet services can use the hardware, software, and services furnished by free public libraries.) Now, a growing number of pharmaceutical firms maintain richly detailed Web sites. The Internet addresses of nearly 400 companies and institutions that placed chemist-wanted advertisements during 1997-1999 appear in Appendix B. A great many of these sites devote one or more pages to employment opportunities where job seekers can expect to find information on a variety of related topics. The subjects include application guidelines, job banks and lines, employee benefits, and the pharmaceutical businesses in which the company engages. PerSeptive Biosystems and Protein Design Labs state on their Web sites the salaries they offer to chemists. Whether employees receive stock options or may purchase discounted company stock is disclosed on some corporate Web sites. 

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