Pungent formulae

The most widely known aleohol is ethyl aleohol, simply beeause it is the aleohol in aleoholie drinks. It is also known as grain aleohol, or by its proper name, ethanol. Ethyl aleohol is a eolorless, volatile liquid with a eharaeteristie odor and a pungent taste. It has a flash point of 55°F, is classified as a depressant drug, and is toxic when ingested in large quantities. Its molecular formula is CjHjOH. In addition to its presence in alcoholic beverages, ethyl alcohol has many industrial and medical uses, such as a solvent in many manufacturing processes, as antifreeze, antiseptics, and cosmetics. 

Chemical DesignationsDimethyl Ketone, 2-Propanone Chemical Formula CH3COCH3. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as rwrmally shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Sweetish pleasant, resembling that of mint or fruit pungent, sharp, penetrating, ketonic pleasant, nonresidual. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms No common synonyms Chemical Formula B,oHi4. Observable Cbaracteristics - Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid Color White Odor. Pungent. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous Chemical Formula Hcl. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (asslipped) Compressed liquefied gas Color Colorless to slightly yellow Odor Sharp, pungent, irritating. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Methacrylate monomer Methacrylic acid, methyl ester Methyl alpha-methylacrylate Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Chemical Formula CHj=C(CH3)COOCHj Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Colorless Odor Sharp, fragrant pleasant smelling pungent ester. 

The situation is confused, however, by the case of certain chemicals. Styrene, for example, was known from the mid-nineteenth century as a clear organic liquid of characteristic pungent odour. It was also known to convert itself under certain circumstances into a clear resinous solid that was almost odour-free, this resin then being called metastyrene. The formation of metastyrene from styrene was described as a polymerisation and metastyrene was held to be a polymer of styrene. However, these terms applied only in the sense that there was no change in empirical formula despite the very profound alteration in chemical and physical properties. There was no understanding of the cause of this change and certainly the chemists of the time had no idea of what had happened to the styrene that was remotely akin to the modem view of polymerisation. 

Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor, like that of a burning match. Most people are able to detect this highly characteristic odor at concentrations of about 0.5 ppm or greater. Its chemical formula is SO2. Sulfur dioxide is readily soluble in water, forming the weak acid sulfurous acid (H2SO3). Sulfur dioxide is formed when sulfur or a sulfur-containing compound is burned ... 

Ozone is an allotrope of oxygen with the chemical formula O3. (Allotropes are different forms of an element.) That is, ozone molecules contain three atoms per molecule in contrast to the two atoms per molecule found in the more abundant dioxygen (O2). It is a bluish gas with a pungent odor that is chemically unstable. 

Hygrine Hygrine, molecular formula CgHisNO, is found mainly in coca leaves (Erythroxylum coca). It is a thick yellow oil, having a pungent taste and odour. 

The simplest of the aldehydes is formaldehyde, whose molecular formula is HCHO. The second hydrocarbon backbone of the ketone is replaced by a hydrogen atom. Formaldehyde is a gas that is extremely soluble in water it is often sold commercially as a 50 percent solution of the gas in water. The gas itself is flammable, has an ignition temperature of 806°F and a strong, pungent odor, and is toxic by inhalation. Inhalation at low concentrations over long periods of time has produced illness in many people. Beside its use as an embalming fluid, formaldehyde is used in the production of many plastics and in the production of numerous other chemicals. 

The next aldehyde is acetaldehyde, a colorless liquid with a pungent taste and a fruity odor. Its molecular formula is CH,CHO. It has a flash point of -40°F, an ignition temperature of 340°F, and is toxic by inhalation. Acetaldehyde is used in die manufacture of many other chemicals. Other important aldehydes are propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and acrolein. 

When Kidney-Yin is weak, the Kidney-Yang should be tonified. In the formula, herbs which tonify Kidney-essence are used to tonify the Yin, the material part of the body. In addition, a very small amount of hot and pungent herbs is used to activate the Kidney-Yang and thereby stimulate the growth of the Yin. 

Formulas that treat dampness should be used with caution in pregnant women as these formulas often contain herbs that have aromatic, pungent and bitter properties, which can easily move Qi and blood and drain dampness, and may endanger the fetus. 

Formulas with very pungent and warm herbs such as Fu Zi (Aconiti radix lateralis preparata), Gan Jiang (Zingiberis rhizoma) and Rou Gui (Cinnamomi cassiae cortex) to warm the Lower-Jiao should be used with caution. 

When she takes food or herbal formulas that contain very cold and pungent ingredients, these... 

If patients are on drugs to stop pain, herbal formulas that treat Bi syndrome, which contain warm, pungent and dispersing herbs, should be used with caution. 

Formulas that release the exterior contain pungent and warm herbs. Their action tendencies are ascending and dispersing, especially the formulas that can cause sweating. Too large a dosage may disperse the Qi too much, consume Yin and cause complications. Among patients who are deficient of Yin or Qi due to their constitution, chronic diseases, stress or dietary habit, the formulas should be used with caution. 

These three herbs are pungent and warm, and enter the Lung and Spleen meridians. They can expel wind-cold in the superficial region of the body as well as eliminate dampness, which often affects the body in a humid climate or is due to cold drinks. They can be selected as chief herbs separately or in groups in a formula. 

Cang Zhu can be selected as chief in the formula to treat a reasonably severe excess condition of wind-cold syndrome that includes the symptom of heaviness of the body. Because Cang Zhu is pungent and warm, and enters the Stomach and Spleen meridians, it can strongly dry dampness and disperse wind and cold. 

Gui Zhi is pungent, warm and sweet, and is used as chief in a formula to treat a deficiency condition of... 

Xi Xin is a very pungent and hot herb with an aromatic smell. It does not enter the Bladder meridian, but does enter the Kidney meridian. It can be selected as deputy in the formula to enhance the action of the chief herbs in treating an excess condition of wind-cold syndrome and can release pain. 

It treats warm and cold coexistence in one syndrome, a more complicated and commonly seen syndrome. Warm and cold herbs are used in one formula. The cold herbs not only treat the internal heat, but also reduce the side effects of the pungent and drying herbs. 

This formula is effective in inducing sweating and expelling wind-cold-dampness. It is a commonly used formula for treating an excess condition. Because there are many pungent and drying herbs in the formula, it should be used with caution or modified for treating patients with Yin deficiency. 

Chai Hu is pungent and neutral, and enters the Liver and Gall Bladder meridians. It can effectively disperse and ascend the constrained Qi of the Liver and Gall Bladder and facilitate the Qi movement in the San Jiao passage. Through this approach, it can stimulate the Lung-Qi to eliminate the wind-heat and is therefore often used in a formula to release the exterior. 

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