Methyl methylacrylate

Synonyms Methacrylic acid, methyl ester methyl 2-methylpropenoic acid methyl a-methyl acrylate methyl methylacrylate 2-(methyoxycarbonyl)-1 -propene... 

Fig. 10. The application of 7c as catalyst for the Kharasch addition of methyl methylacrylate and carbon tetrachloride in a CFMR using a SelRO-MPF-50 nanofiltation membrane. (Residence time (or cycle) is 43 min) (26).

The most straightforward method for calibrating the relationship between D and M is to measure both D and M for a set of monodisperse samples with different molecular weights. In reality, the monodisperse samples have to be replaced by narrowly distributed standards made available either by relevant living polymerization or by fractionation of a broadly distributed sample. However, only a few kinds of polymers, e.g. polystyrene and poly(methyl methylacrylate), can actually be prepared so as to have a sufficiently narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn 1.1), and the fractionation is very time consuming. Thus, the straightforward calibration of the D vs M relation is not always practical. 

These macromonomers were successfully copolymerized with methyl methylacrylate and vinyl acetate ... 

Similar to the vegetable oil-based polyesters, the curing system must be selected according to the nature of the oil. As an example, for non-drying oil-based poly(ester amide), the following system can be used. A homogeneous mixture of resin with 30 parts of styrene or methyl methylacrylate as the reactive diluent, four parts of methyl-ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) as an initiator and two parts of cobalt octate/naphthenate as an activator, are prepared in a container at room temperature by mechanical stirring. The thin films of the resin system can then be cured at the desired temperature for a predetermined period of time. 

Note NB, norbomene NBHFA, norbornene-methylenehexafluoroisopropanol MCA, methyl cyanoacrylate BNC, butyl norbor-nene carboxylate MA, methylacrylate MMA, methyl methylacrylate MTFA, methyl trifluoromethyl acrylate EGA, ethyl cyanoacrylate. 

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide-mediated (107-109) polymerization both show promise in terms of the ability to fine-time polymer architecture using living radical methods. ATRP has been snccessfiilly used in the polymerization of methyl methylacrylate using copper (110), rnthe-nium/aluminum alkoxide (111), iron (112), and nickel (113) catalyst systems. 

Fig. 16. U.S. plastic materials consumption for thin-gauge (2.1 million metric tons) and heavy-gauge (682,000 t) thermoforming (32). PE = Polyethylene ABS = acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene PS = polystyrene PP = polyproplyene PMMA = poly(methyl methylacrylate) PVC = poly(vinyl Chloride) PET = poly(ethylene terephthalate). Redrawn and used with permission of SPE Thermoforming Division.

These initiator systems are capable of initiating the polymerizations of -butyl acrylate, methyl methylacrylate and acrylonitrile (PDI 1.1 1.4 molecular mass 1,500 20,000 g/mole). But it must be mentioned that the metal-free polymerization is not a real living process. Backbiting and Hofmann elimination occur to a small but significant extent [226]. 

Composition of methyl acrylate (MA) and methyl methylacrylate (MMA) comonomer was analyzed in temperature-equilibrated a liquid cell (30°C). The MA concentration ranged from 10 to 18% and the MMA concentration ranged from 82 to 99%. The MA calibration used the following wavelengths 1728, 2312, and 2400 nm and the MMA calibration used 2192, 2280, and 2400 nm. Combination bands are affected by small molecular symmetry differences and thus are often used to separate materials with similar organic functional groups. 

Table 3.8 Analytically determined mole frj in the methyl methylacrylate-glyddyl met infrared absorbance at 5.82 iction of glycidyl methylacrylate hylacrylate copolymers and the im and 11.02 pm. ...

Using the CTC equilibrium constants (table in the appendix to this chapter) it is possible to calculate the true reactivity values for the CTC and for the neutral monomer. Raetzsch and coworkers used this procedure for the cyclopentene-MA and norbornene-MA copolymerizations with acrylonitrile (Table 10.23). The same technique was also used to determine the reactivity constants for several other donor-acceptor-neutral monomer polymerizations (Table 10.23). For the NVP-MA-methyl methacrylate system the true reactivity ratios show the NVP-MA CTC is about 3 000 times the reactivity of NVP and 600 times the reactivity of methyl methacrylate toward the propagating radical ending in methyl methylacrylate.Results of this type support the concept of alternating copolymerization of a CTC with neutral monomer. 

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