Pulsed flame photometric detection

DAGAN, S., Comparison of gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection-mass spectrometry, automated mass spectral deconvolution and identification system and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as tools for trace level detection and identification, J. Chromatogr., A., 2000,868,229-247. 

D.R. Killelea and J.H. Aldstadt, Solid-phase microextraction method for gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and pulsed flame photometric detection studies of organoasenical speciation, J. Chromatogr. A, 918, 169-175 (2001). 

Lopez, R., Lapena, A.C., Cacho, J., and Ferreira, V. (2007). Quantitative determination of wine highly volatile sulfur compounds by using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-pulsed flame photometric detection - Critical study and optimization of a new procedure. J. Chromatogr. A., 1143, 8-15. 

Determination. GC-pulsed flame photometric detection good 130... 

Bancon-Montigny, C. H., Lespes, G., and Potin-Gautier, M., Improved routine speciation of organotin compounds in environmental samples by pulsed flame photometric detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 896, 149-158, 2000. 

Hill, P. G., Smith, R. M. (2000). Determination of sulphur compounds in beer using head-space solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis with pulsed flame photometric detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 872, 203-213. http //dx.doi.org/... 

Pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) has a lot of advantages ... 

Amirav A, Jing H. 1998. Simultaneous pulsed flame photometric and mass spectrometric detection for enhanced pesticide analysis capabilities. J Chromatogr 814 133-150. 

The detection limits of a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) are much better than those of any conventional FPD, and in addition the detector does not suffer the quenching of co-eluting hydrocarbon chemicals (45). The ability to also detect arsenic or nitrogen containing chemicals makes the PFPD very useful for the screening of CWC-chemicals. Frishman and Amiraw (46) used fast GC equipped with a short capillary column (1.5 m) and PFPD for the analysis of air samples. A complete analysis cycle time of 30 s was demonstrated. Killelea and Aldstadt (47) used PFPD in the arsenic selective mode for the analysis of organoarsenic chemicals. 

In the early 1990s Amirav et al. introduced a new strategy for the operation of FPD based on a pulsed flame instead of a continuous flame for the generation of flame chemiluminescence. This pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD) is characterized by the additional dimension of a light emission time and the ability to separate in time the emission of sulfur species from those of carbon and phosphorus, resulting in considerable enhancement of detection selectivity. In addition, detection sensitivity is markedly improved, thanks to ... 

Operator s Manual Model 5380 Pulsed Flame Photometric Detector, 01 Analytical, Texas, 1997. Benner, R. L. and Stedman, D. H., Universal sulfur detection by chemiluminescence. Anal. Chem., 61, 1268-1271, 1989. 

Jing, H. W., and Amirav, A. (1998). Pulsed flame photometric detector — A step forward towards universal heteroatom selective detection. J. Chromatogr. A 805, 177-215. 

In a pulsed flame photometric detector (PFPD), the combustion of hydrocarbon molecules is fast and irreversible, and heteroatom species such as S2, HPO, and HNO emit light after the flame is extinguished and thus under cooler temperatures. Consequently, their respective emissions can be electronically gated and separated from the hydrocarbon emission. Thus, PFPD can provide selectivity against hydrocarbon interference during detection analysis. PFPD sensitivity was reported to be superior to FPD. Moreover, N and As could be also detected. The PFPD is currently available for use in benchtop instruments, such as the MINICAMS from O. I. Analytical and other GC detector manufacturers. 

AES, atomic emission spectrometry AP(C)I, atmospheric pressure (chemical) ionization CGC, capillary gas chromatography DAD, diode array detection ESI, electrospray ionization FI, fluorescence detection ICP, indcutively coupled plasma LIE, laser-induced fluorescence Nl, negative ion NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance PFPD, pulsed flame photometric detector SRM, selected reaction monitoring. 

Another new technique is membrane extraction, developed in combination with gas chromatography-pulsed photometric flame detection (GC-PFPD). It uses a surface-modified acetic cellulose membrane. Like SPME and SPE, it greatly simplifies the extraction process and uses significantly smaller amounts of organic solvent. Acetic cellulose membranes, 47 mm in diameter with an average pore size of 0.45 pm, were used to prepare different surface-modified... 

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