Pulmonary drug delivery liposomes

D. Meisner, Liposomes as a pulmonary drug delivery system, Pharmaceutical Particulate Carriers, (A. Rolland, ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993, p. 31. 

Key Words Dry powder inhalers (DPI) Pulmonary drug delivery Insulin Particle engineering Spray drying Liposomes Aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES) Technosphere insulin. 

Pulmonary drug delivery is also applicable using liposomes, because they are absorbed through the thin layer of alveolar epithelial cells (vast surface for an adult is 43-102 m ) (12-14) and transported into the systemic circulation (15-17). However, the inhaled objects can be eliminated by macrophages from the alveoli surface when they are bigger than 260 nm (18). 

Meisner D, Pringle J, Mezei M. Liposomal pulmonary drug delivery. I. In vivo disposition of atropine base in solution and liposomal form following endotracheal instillation to the rabbit lung. J Microencapsul 6(3) 379-387, 1989. 

Brack A, Abu-Dahab R, Borchard G, et al. Lectin-functionalized liposomes for pulmonary drug delivery interaction with human alveolar epithelial cells. J Drug Target 2001 9 241. 

Abu-Dahab R, Schafer UF, Lehr CM. Lectin-functionalized liposomes for pulmonary drug delivery effect of nebulization on stabUity and bioadhesion. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001 14 37-41. 

B. E. Gilbert, and V. Knight, Pulmonary delivery of antiviral drugs in liposome aerosols, Semin. Pediatr. Infer. Dis. 7 148 (1996). 

SLM combines the advantages of different drug delivery systems such as polymeric microparticles, fat emulsions, and liposome. In this respect, they have been successfully proposed for the delivery of a variety of drugs including antibiotics, anti-inflammatory compounds, vaccines, and adjuvant. Among the hpids, phospholipids, triacyl glycerols, waxes, fatty acids, or their mixtures can be used. SLM can be administered by subcutaneous, oral, intramuscular, topical, or pulmonary ways. 

R. J. Gonzalez-Rothi, and H. Schreier, Pulmonary delivery of liposome encapsulated drugs in asthma therapy, Clin. Immunother. 4 331 (1995). 

Shek, R N., Suntres, Z. E., and Brooks, J. I. (1994), Liposomes in pulmonary applications Physicochemical considerations, pulmonary distribution and antioxidant delivery, J. Drug Targe., 2, 431—442. 

There are several oil-based formulations for the delivery of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, which maj orly include emulsions and gels (Figure 58.2). Apart from these, various other novel formulations may also be named under this category such as micelles, reverse micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes. - Based on the physicochemical properties of the drug and patient requirements, the vegetable oil-based formulations may be delivered by various routes like oral, parenteral, topical, transdermal, pulmonary, or ocular, etc., - ... 

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