Public speaking

External communications about PSM can parallel internal efforts. For example, the CEO or other senior sponsor might take advantage of a public speaking opportunity or a media interview to discuss the company s commitment to PSM and the ways it has devised to implement it. 

Make a list of basic skills useful in analytical chemistry, such as public speaking, writing skills, statistics, electronics, and computer science. Determine where each analyst is strong or weak, and make a commitment to further training. Reserve several hours each week for special training in basic skills. Presentation by junior analysts of a published paper to a group of peers is one useful format. 

Often occurs in context of other anxiety disorders. The feared social or performance situation can be limited to a specific social interaction (e.g., public speaking) or generalized to most any social interaction. Differs from specific phobia, in which the fear and anxiety are limited to a particular object or situation (e.g., insects, heights, public transportation). 

In the generalized subtype, fear is of many social situations where embarrassment may occur. In the discrete or specific subtype, fear is limited to one or two situations (e.g., performing, public speaking). 

Streaming Audio Online Music Finding Happiness Public Speaking... 

The core features of social phobia center on the intense, irrational fear of scrutiny of others and the anticipation of humiliation (Table 25-2). Individuals with this disorder avoid or endure with marked distress the phobic situations. They realize that their fear is unreasonable or excessive. The disorder has been divided into subtypes. Individuals who have anxiety in well-circumscribed situations (e.g., public speaking) have been designated as having a performance subtype those who experience anxiety in a broader spectrum of interpersonal social situations are designated as having a generalized subtype of social phobia. As social phobia has become better character-... 

If speaking in public makes you nervous, or if you just need to practice and get some useful feedback, take a public-speaking course. This can be a great means to learn, study, and polish the skills necessary to ace the interview. 

As an example of what is involved in a public-speaking course, the following excerpts are from the syllabus for a course on Effective Speech-Making given at the City University of New York. 

It seems that we re always in the middle of an election. And elections mean speeches stump speeches, impromptu speeches, TV speeches, speeches after dinner, speeches in schools, and speeches in malls. With the prevalence of standup public speaking in the political arena, it would be easy for the new engineer to become confused and assume that the same mode is commonplace in business communication. The truth is that it is the rare businessperson today who gives a stand-up speech, at least for everyday business matters. With the advent of overhead projectors and transparencies, businesspeople stopped giving speeches and started making presentations talks supported by projected visual material. The advent of laptop computers, LCD (liquid-crystal display) projectors, and powerful presentation software has advanced this trend. 

There is both a generalized and a more discrete type of social phobia. In the generalized type, the patient fears practically all social situations in which evaluation and scrutiny are possible. It is significantly more common than the discrete type, in which the individual fears a very specific social situation, usually of public speaking or public performance. Generalized social phobia is also more severe and disabling than discrete social phobia. 

The most important step in appropriately implementing Part 11 is understanding that the FDA requires the electronic records used in GMP activities to be as reliable and trustworthy as traditional paper records. This concept has been expressed at numerous public speaking engagements by FDA officials. 

In the last decade, Wilson has continued to shape popular conceptions of the psychedelic experience with his prolific output of erudite, psychologically astute, satirical, and occasionally mind-blowing literary-occult sleight-of-hand. After a few years of sojourn in Ireland, he now returns to a home in Santa Cruz during breaks in his vigorous schedule of public speaking. He is publisher and co-editor with wife Arlen of a quarterly futurist newsletter titled Trajectories. 

Pauling took every opportunity to make his views public, speaking widely and publishing wherever he could. But it was a battle fought in the fog—both sides in the fallout debate were using sketchy data. And, as it was eventually shown, both were essentially correct in their estimates. It was simply a matter of how the estimates were framed. As Pauling said, There is considerable uncertainty about estimated values in this field. But I think that we should consider the worst possible case rather than the best possible case. ... 

The comments in this chapter apply equally to informal talks, e.g. those based on assignments and project work, and to more formal conference presentations. It is hoped that the advice and guidance given below will encourage you to make the most of your opportunities for public speaking, but there is no substitute for practice. Do not expect to find all of the answers from this, or any other, book. Rehearse, and learn from your own experience. 

The three Rs of successful public speaking are Reflect - give sufficient thought to all aspects of your presentation, particularly at the planning stage. Rehearse - to improve your delivery. Rewrite - modify the content and style of your material in response to your own ideas and to the comments of others. 

Specific phobias generally are not treated with psychotropic medications. Social phobias often respond well to cognitive-behavioral treatment. When medications are used, the clinician has two main alternatives For occasional use—for example to reduce anxiety associated with theatrical performances or public speaking—the beta blocker propranolol has been shown to be quite effective. This drug does little to alter the cognitive aspects of anxiety (worry), but effectively reduces many physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate. Anxious patients treated with propranolol take the medication only prior to the stressful event, ingesting 20-80 mg about one hour before. 

Social phobia (SP) or social anxiety disorder (SAD) (8-10) is characterized by a significant and persistent fear of social situations from which embarrassment may result (e.g., public speaking), or of situations where one is being observed or scrutinized by others (e.g.,... 

Cannabis and THC are known in certain circumstances to induce anxiety or panic, and Zuardi and colleagues (1982) reported that CBD antagonises anxiogenic effects of THC along with some other marijuana-like effects in healthy volunteers. At a dose of 300 mg orally it reduced anxiety in comparison with placebo in a simulated public speaking task (Zuardi et al. 1993). CBD was also found to behave like an atypical antipsychotic in the apomorphine-induced stereotypy model in rodents (Zuardi et al. 1991). In a report of a single case, CBD (in doses up to 1500 mg/day) was found to improve psychotic symptoms without toxic effects in a psychotic patient who had experienced intolerable unwanted effects with haloperidol (Zuardi et al. 1995). 

Patients should be educated about SAD, the symptoms they experience, and effective therapeutic options. Support groups are helpful for some patients. Self-help group programs that focus on effective communication can benefit people with public-speaking phobia. 

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