Speech, effect

Higgins, S.T. and Stitzer, M.L., Monologue speech effects of D-amphetamine, secobarbital and diazepam, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behciv., 34, 609, 1989. 

The most common behavioral effect is a generalized decrease in psychomotor activity and decrements in some domains of psychomotor performance. These effects appear to be dose related, with more pronounced changes associated with greater amounts of marijuana taken in. The general decrease in motor activity appears to be pervasive, and the state is described as associated w ith feelings of relaxation and tranquility. The only exception to this effect appears to be speech because marijuana use is associated with rapid or slurred speech, circumstantial talk, and loquaciousness. These speech effects often are observed more in the early smoking phase, followed by the more traditional relaxation. 

Take charge of the speaker introduction. Heeding this advice does not imply arrogance. At least since Aristotle, experts in communication have known that speaker credibility significantly influences speech effectiveness. The audience deserves to know your credentials, and you should not have to brag about yourself. Introducers usually speak with minimum preparation and leave out important facts, so you need to keep a typed one-page list of your credentials and make sure that whoever introduces you receives a copy. 

Ethanol is classified for medical purposes as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. Its effects—that is, being drunk—resemble the human response to anesthetics. There is an initial excitability and increase in sociable behavior, but this results from depression of inhibition rather than from stimulation. At a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1% to 0.3%, motor coordination is affected, accompanied by loss of balance, slurred speech, and amnesia. When blood alcohol concentration rises to 0.3% to 0.4%, nausea and loss of consciousness occur. Above 0.6%, spontaneous respiration and cardiovascular regulation are affected, ultimately leading to death. The LD50 of ethanol is 10.6 g/kg (Chapter 1 Focus On). 

Dantrolene is the mainstay of MH treatment. It has long been available for the treatment of muscle spasm in cerebral palsy and similar diseases. It is a hydantoin derivative that was first synthesized in 1967, and reported to be effective in the treatment of porcine MH in 1975. Also in 1975, dantrolene was shown to be more effective than procainamide in the treatment of human MH, which until that time was the drug of choice. However, the intravenous preparation was not made available until November 1979. It significantly lowered mortality. The half-life of dantrolene is estimated to be 6-8 hr. Dantrolene s primary mode of action is the reduction in calcium release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Dantrolene also exerts a primary antiarrhythmic effect by increasing atrial and ventricular refractory periods. Side effects of dentrolene include hepatotoxicity, muscle weakness, ataxia, blurred vision, slurred speech, nausea, and vomiting. Dantrolene is not contraindicated in pregnancy, but it does cross into breast milk and its effect on the neonate is unknown. 

Euphoria and sedation are the most prominent effects analgesia is also prominent slurred speech, and impaired memory and attention can be seen along with psychomotor retardation... 

According to the investigators, the lack of association with lead rank indicated that the effect of lead was due to current rather than past lead exposure. The probability that a child was hyperactive increased significantly with increasing PbB levels (as PbB percentile rank within age group). The probability of speech impairment, however, was not related to blood lead levels. Linear regression analysis... 

Versailles The French pointed out that by the Farben-French agreement signed in 1927, and effective until 1968, they were limited to only 9 per cent of the European market, Duchemin pointed out that on their tenth anniversary in 1937, Von Schnitzler had not mentioned Versailles Treaties he had praised the agreement lavishly. The paper shook in Duchemin s hand as he read parts of Von Schnitzler s speech on that occasion ... 

In developed countries, ablative procedures have largely been replaced by DBS, because the latter are equally effective or somewhat superior to ablation, are less invasive, and are reversible and adjustable. In addition, bilateral pallidal lesions have an increased risk of causing speech and swallowing dysfunction, while bilateral DBS procedures can be done without significantly increased risk. However, the stimulators require battery replacements, are prone to mechanical lead difficulties and sometimes require frequent adjustment of stimulation parameters. 

One of the most prominent positive symptoms in schizophrenia is the auditory hallucinations that are perceived as distinct voices emanating from outside the individual. Regional cerebral-blood-flow studies in patients experiencing auditory hallucinations reveal activation of the associational auditory cortex during the episodes of hallucinations, but not in their absence. One theory holds that auditory hallucinations occur as a consequence of the inability of individuals with schizophrenia to monitor effectively their inner speech. fMRI studies suggest that... 

The results of that process were commented on by Dr. John Todhunter, EPA s Assistant Administrator for the Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances (OPTS) in a speech delivered in Rome to representatives of some of our European trading partners (11). He was commenting on the small amount of toxicity data submitted with many of the PMNs submitted to date. He pointed out that EPA s experience shows that to be due largely to the inherently low hazard potential of the bulk of the substances submitted for PMN review. His evidence was the fact of no imminent hazard actions (Section 5(f)) and inadequate information actions (Section 5(e)) on only 9 chemicals out of over 1,000 PMNs submitted. He further noted that in 60 cases, industry had volunteered more data, reduced exposures, or withdrawn PMNs. Dr. Todhunter s conclusion from all this was that industry is doing an effective job of screening substances before submitting PMNs. 

To date, EPA has done three things to encourage and, in some limited cases, require companies to test their new substances.(19) First, from time to time EPA has issued reports, published speeches, prepared Congressional testimony, and otherwise publicized its view that many PMN s lack necessary data to adequately assess the subject chemicals health and environmental effects. Second, on a PMN-by-PMN basis EPA has negotiated with individual companies to provide additional data and analyses. And third, EPA has initiated actions under 5(e) to require additional testing for a very small number of new substances (and to limit or totally prohibit production and use of these chemicals).(20)... 

Colloquialisms are words and phrases appropriate for speech, and very informal or casual writing. They don t belong in your personal statement unless you are trying to imitate speech or assume a very informal tone for effect. Colloquialisms include vulgarisms (obscene or offensive words), cliches, and slang. 

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