Protein chemical characterization

The inhibition of SuSy by the divalent cations (fCi 15 aM), Zn (fC 25 aM), and Ni (fti 37 aM) was exploited for further purification of SuSyl by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). A subsequent gel filtration yielded homogeneous SuSyl suitable for crystallization experiments [24]. The protein chemical characterization revealed a homotetrameric organization of the 93 kDa subunit. Our kinetic data for the cleavage reaction and preliminary immunoblot analysis for phosphoserine suggested that SuSyl may be phosphorylated in the yeast expression system [28]. 

Brose N, Gasic GP, Vetter DE, Sullivan JM, Heinemann SF. 1993. Protein chemical characterization and immunocyto-chemical localization of the NMDA receptor subunit NMDA Rl. J Biol Chem 268 22663-22671. 

O Kane, D. J., and Lee, J. (1985). Chemical characterization of lumazine protein from Photobacterium leiognathi comparison with lumazine protein from Photobacterium phosphoreum. Biochemistry 24 1467-1475. 

Hoffmann, A., et al. (1993). Purification and chemical characterization of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid its identification as prostaglandin D synthase. J. Neurochem. 61, 451-6. 

Prokop, A., Kozlov, E., Carlesso, G. and Davidsen, ]. M. Hydrogel-Based Colloidal Polymeric System for Protein and Drug Delivery Physical and Chemical Characterization, Permeability Control and Applications. Vol. 160, pp. 119-174. 

Jobbagy, A., and Kiraly, K. (1966) Chemical characterization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-protein conjugates. Biochim. Biopbys. Acta 124, 166. 

Schwartz, B.A., and Gray, G.R. (1977) Proteins containing reductively aminated disaccharides. Synthesis and chemical characterization. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 181, 542-549. 

Proteolytic degradation of a protein is characterized by hydrolysis of one or more peptide (amide) bonds in the protein backbone, generally resulting in loss of biological activity. Hydrolysis is usually promoted by the presence of trace quantities of proteolytic enzymes, but can also be caused by some chemical influences. 

Abstract Progress that has been made in research on the chemical aspects of mammalian semiochemistry over the past decade is discussed on the basis of examples from the most topical problem areas. The chemical characterization of the volatile organic constituents of the urine, anal gland secretions and exocrine gland secretions of rodents, carnivores, proboscids, artiodactyls and primates, and their possible role in the semiochemical communication of these mammals are discussed, with particular emphasis on the advances made in the elaboration of the function of proteins as controlled release carrier materials for the semiochemicals of some of these animals. 

A component of the vaginal secretion, dimethyl disulfide, was found to be the major sex attractant of the golden hamster [ 59 ]. Volatile alcohols, fatty acids and, interestingly, dimethyl trisulfide in the secretion do not appear to enhance the attractancy of the secretion [60]. However, proteins in the mass range of 15-16 kDa that are present in the vaginal secretion act as a mounting pheromone [61]. No comprehensive chemical characterization of the semiochemical secretions of golden hamsters has yet been undertaken. 

It should be noted that the above strategy, although first employed In the delineation of protein antigenic sites. Is applicable, with appropriate adaptations, to the precise delineation and chemical synthesis of other types of protein binding sites. The Introduction of the concept of surface-simulation synthesis ( 4, ) has provided a methodology by which In principle any type of protein binding site can be mimicked synthetically after careful chemical characterization. 

Lokra, S., Helland, M. H., Claussen, I. C., Straetkvern, K. O., Egelandsdal, B.10.1016/j.lwt.2007.07.006 (2007). Chemical characterization and functional properties of a potato protein concentrate prepared by large-scale expanded bed adsorption chromatography. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 

Ted CS, Pesce AJ. 1979. Chemical characterization of isocyanate-protein conjugates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 51 39-46. 

When they are first isolated, proteins are usually characterized by Mr, isoelectric point, and other easily measured properties. Among these is the amino acid composition112 which can be determined by completely hydrolyzing the protein to the free amino acids. Later, it is important to establish the primary structure or amino acid sequence.51 This has been accomplished traditionally by cutting the peptide chain into smaller pieces that can be characterized easily. However, most protein sequences are now deduced initially from the corresponding DNA sequences, but further chemical characterization is often needed. 

Merritt (42) has carefully studied the yields of hydrocarbons on irradiation of meat and meat components and proposed mechanisms for their formation during irradiation. Despite this recent progress, the chemical characterization of irradiation flavor in meats is far from complete. Little is known about the radiation-induced chemical processes giving rise to the compounds proposed as important to irradiation flavor or the identity of the chemical precursors of these compounds. However, irradiation flavor in beef appears to be associated largely with the protein constituents in meat (21). 

Zamoscianyk, H., and Veis, A. The isolation and chemical characterization of a phosphate-containing sialoglyco-protein from developing bovine teeth. Fed. Proc. 25, 409 (1966). 

Distel L, Distel B, Schussler H (2002) Formation of DNA double-strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks by irradiation of DNA in the presence of a protein. Radiat Phys Chem 65 141-129 Dizdaroglu M (1986) Chemical characterization of ionizing radiation-induced damage to DNA. Bio Techniques 4 536-546... 

Helm, C.V. and de Francisco, A. (2004) Chemical characterization of Brazilian hulless barley varieties, flour fractionation, and protein concentration. Scientia Agricola 61, 593-597. 

Allochthonous DON sources from terrestrial runoff, plant detritus leaching, soil leaching, sediments, and atmospheric deposition may also represent important inputs to estuaries (Berman and Bronk, 2003). DON typically represents about 60 to 69% of the TDN in rivers and estuaries (Berman and Bronk, 2003). The major components of DON include urea, dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA), DFAA, proteins, nucleic acids, amino sugars, and humic substances (Berman and Bronk, 2003). However, less than 20% of DON is chemically characterized. 

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