Human cerebrospinal fluid

Nau R, Desel H, Lassek C, Thiel A, Schinschke S, Rossing R, Kolenda H, Prange HW. Slow elimination of mannitol from human cerebrospinal fluid. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1997 53(3 ) 271-274. 

Zhong, L. and Yeh, K. C., Determination of indinavir in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with column switching, J. Chromatogr. B, 734, 63, 1999. 

Once returned to the presynaptic terminal, dopamine is repackaged into synaptic vesicles via the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) or metabolized to dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) by monoamine oxidase (MAO). Two alternative pathways are available for dopamine catabolism in the synapse, depending on whether the first step is catalyzed by MAO or catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Thus, dopamine can be either deaminated to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) or methylated to 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). In turn, deamination of 3-MT and methylation of DOPAC leads to homovanillic acid (HVA). In humans, cerebrospinal fluid levels of HVA have been used as a proxy for levels of dopaminergic activity within the brain (Stanley et al. 1985). 

Hoffmann, A., et al. (1993). Purification and chemical characterization of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid its identification as prostaglandin D synthase. J. Neurochem. 61, 451-6. 

Human cerebrospinal fluid Ammonium acetate Biphasic LCQ DECA SEQUEST (Wenner et al., 2004)... 

Bell, J. D., Brown, J. C. C., Sadler, P. J. etal. High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of human cerebrospinal fluid. Clin. Sci. 72 563-570,1987. 

A. Westman, C. L. Nilsson, and R. Ekman. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Proteins in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 12(1998) 1092-1098. 

J. N. Baraniuk, B. Casado, H. Maibach, D. J. Clauw, L. K. Pannell, and S. S. Hess. A Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-Related Proteome in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. BMC Neurology, 5(2005) 22. 

Preliminary information useful in prodrug design has been obtained with amino acids attached to model aromatic amines. Thus, N-(naphthalen-2-yl) amides of amino acids (6.1, R=side chain of amino acid, R =H) proved to be of interest as test compounds to monitor peptidase activity such as ami-nopeptidase M (membrane alanyl aminopeptidase, microsomal aminopepti-dase, EC 3.4.11.2) [16][17], In the presence of purified rabbit kidney aminopeptidase M or human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) aminopeptidase activity, the rate of hydrolysis decreased in the order Ala-> Leu->Arg->Glu-2-naphthyl-amide. Ala-2-naphthylamide, in particular, proved to be a good test compound, as its rate of hydrolysis was influenced by experimental conditions (preparation, inhibitors, etc.), as was the hydrolysis of a number of low-molecular-weight opioid peptides and circulating vasoactive peptides. 

I. F. Benter, E. M. Hirsh, A. J. Tuchman, P. E. Ward, N-Terminal Degradation of Low Molecular Weight Opioid Peptides in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid , Biochem. Pharmacol. 1990, 40, 465-472. 

Bergquist J, Gilman SD, Ewing AG, Ekman R. 1994. Analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 66 (20) 3512-3518. 

In addition, several painful clinical conditions, including peripheral neuropathy, fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, are associated with increased levels of SP in human cerebrospinal fluid (Rupniak and Kramer, 1999). 

Yanagisawa I, Yoshikawa H (1973) A Bromine Compound Isolated from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid. Biochim Biophys Acta 329 283... 

Vigo-Pelfrey, C., Lee, D., Keim, P., Lieber-burg, I. and Schenk, D. B. (1993) Characterization of beta-amyloid peptide from human cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroehem 61, 1965-1968. 

Diazepam-displacing activity in human cerebrospinal fluid Diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)... 

Ida, N Hartmann, T., Pantel, J et al. (1996) Analysis of heterogeneous A4 peptides in human cerebrospinal fluid and blood by a newly developed sensitive Western blot assay. J. Biol. Chem. 271,22908-22914. 

Christian et al. refers to Dr. Samuel Christian and his associates at the University of Alabama in Birmingham s Neurosciences Program in 1975 they identified DMT, 5-methoxy-DMT, 5-methoxy-N,N-DMT, N-methyltryptamine and tryptamine in human cerebrospinal fluid. In May 1977, Dr. Wolfgang Vogel of the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia isolated 5-methoxy-DMT in brain tissue the Christian team also found DMT there. 

Davidsson, P., Westman, A., Puchades, M., Nilsson, C.L., and Blennow, K. (1999). Characterization of proteins from human cerebrospinal fluid by a combination of preparative two-dimensional liquid-phase electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioniza-tion time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 71, 642-647. 

Khamenia, V, Zucht, H.-D. (2005). Correlation-associated peptide networks of human cerebrospinal fluid. Proteomics 5, 2789-2798. 

Hesse, C., Rosengren, L., Andreasen, N., Davidsson, P., Vanderstichele, H., Vanmechelen, E., Blennow, K. (2001). Transient increase in total tau but not phospho-tau in human cerebrospinal fluid after acute stroke. Neurosci. Lett. 297, 187-190. 

Van Dee Peeee, B., Sjogren, M., Andeeasen, N., Blennow, K. (2000). Quantification of fan phosphorylated at threonine 181 in human cerebrospinal fluid a sandwich ELISA with a synthetic phosphopeptide for standardization. Neurosci. Lett. 285, 49-52. 

Identification of a novel peptide from bovine brain. FEBS Lett 248 87-91 Johnson GV, Seubeit P, Cox TM, Motter R, Brown JP, Galasko D (1997) The tau protein in human cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer s disease consists of proteolyticaUy derived fragments. J Neurochem 68 430-433... 

Determinations of antigen by the quantitative precipitin method were used routinely for many years in some institutions for the estimation of IgG in human cerebrospinal fluid, increases in cerebrospinal fluid IgG being found in multiple sclerosis and in neurosyphilis.In recent... 

Yuan X, Desiderio DM (2005) Proteomics analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid. J Chromatogr B Analyt Teclmol Biomed Life Sci 815 179-189. 

D13. Decker, C. F., Aras, A., and Decker, L. E., Determination of calcium and magnesium in human cerebrospinal fluid by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Abstr. Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Biol. Chem., Dec. 1963 p. 7A. 

Kivisakk P, Mahad DJ, Callahan MK, Trebst C, Tucky B, Wei T, Wu L, Baekkevold ES, Lassmann H, Staugaitis SM, Campbell JJ, Ransohoff RM (2003) Human cerebrospinal fluid central memory Cd4-i- T cells Evidence for trafficking through choroid plexus and meninges via P-selectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 8389-8394. 

Maccarrone G, Milfay D, Birg I, Rosenhagen M, Holsboer F Grimm R, Bailey J, Zolotarjova N, Turck CW (2004) Mining the human cerebrospinal fluid proteome by immunodepletion and shotgun mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 25 2402-2412. 

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