Detritus plant

Roach (rutilus rutilus), a medium-sized cyprinid fish, is a planktonic and benthic species, feeding mainly on cladocerans (D. longispina), detritus, plant debris, amphipods (Echinogammarus sp.), filamentous algae, and ostracods. Roach can thrive on poor quality, even polluted water and displays more capacity of adaptation to different kinds of food than rudd [62]. 

Detritus Dead plant and animal matter, usually consumed by bacteria, but some remains. 

Humus The dark organic material in soils, produced by the decomposition of soils. The matter that remains after the bulk of detritus has beenconsumed (leaves, roots). Humus mixes with top layers of soil (rock particles), supplies some of the nutrients needed by plants -increases acidity of soil inorganic nutrients more soluble under acidic conditions, become more available, EX. wheat grows best at pH 5.5-7.0. Humus modifies soil texture, creates loose, crumbly texture, that allows water to soak in and nutrients retained permits air to be incorporated into soil. 

Humic substances in sediments and soils have commonly been, defined as heteropolycondensates of decomposing plant and animal detritus 46. For lack of a better structural definition, these macromolecular substances have been divided into three categories fulvic acids and humic acid and humin. Fulvic acids and humic acids are soluble in dilute alkaline solutions, whereas humin is insoluble. 

Estuarine fungi contribute substantially to plant detritus due to their abundance and potential for degradation. Fungi are known to accumulate soluble atrazine from seawater through sorption, and release up to 2.2% as hydroxyatrazine and other atrazine metabolites another 4.6% is more tightly associated and less available to the external environment. The combined processes result in atrazine accumulation, and may contribute to its transport and redistribution through the estuary (Schocken and Speedie 1982, 1984). 

Biomagnification potential of paraquat in aquatic food chains, with special reference to plants, plant detritus, amphibians, and reptiles... 

Simoneit, B.R.T., Grimalt, J.O., Wang, T.G., Cox, R.E., Hatcher, P.G. and Nissenbaum, A. (1986). Cyclic terpenoids of contemporary resinous plant detritus and of fossil woods, ambers and coals. Organic Geochemistry 10 877-889. 

Rather than carry a corpse, a quite different animal kidnaps a living organism as its chemical defense. This is the strategy of a tiny marine creature called an amphipod, a member of a widespread order (Amphipoda) of small crustaceans. The tens of thousands of their species represent an assortment of types and lifestyles, many looking like tiny shrimp, to which they are related. Marine amphi-pods are one of the invertebrate success stories and can be found in almost all saltwater environments, feeding on plants, animals, or detritus. Many are microscopic or nearly so. Some are at home in... 

A large number of phytophagous beetles is economically important as pests on crops, forests, and stored products, and they are vectors of fungi and viral plant diseases. On the other hand, many species have beneficial functions in the detritus cycle, and carnivorous species may feed on herbivorous insects. 

Fungi and yeasts are also members of the marine heterotrophic eukaryotes. They are generally found living on or within tissues of other organisms or on detrital POM. Fungi are important primarily in coastal water where they serve as decomposers of terrestrial vascular plant detritus. Yeasts occur as parasites of copepods. 

The composition of the aeolian particles is temporally and spatially variable. These particles are typically fragments of weathered rocks, soil, or biogenic detritus, such as terrestrial plant fragments. Other biogenic particles include bacteria, phytoplankton, mold, fungal spores, seeds, and even insects. 

The example of a total extract composition of a tropical soil from the Amazon, Brazil, shows mycose as the major compound, numerous other monosaccharides, lipid components such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols, and natural product biomarkers (Fig. 9a). The mycose and elevated levels of the other saccharides reflect the efficient fungal/microbial degradation of plant detritus in the tropics. This can be compared to the saccharides in the soil from an almond orchard in California, where glucose and mycose are the main sugars with lipids, sterols and triterpenoids (Fig. 9b, ). 

Nonbanded coal consistently fine-granular coal essentially devoid of megascopic layers may be interbedded with common banded coal or form a discrete layer at the top or bottom of the seam, or may compose the entire seam formed from natural accumulations of finely comminuted plant detritus and commonly includes a significant amount and variety of remains of pollen grains, spores, planktonic algae, wax and resin granules, as well as other fragments of plants. 

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