Protein-based glues

In an instance involving mixed tempera where a protein-base glue and a plant gum occur togther (16), the IR spectra would be much more complex. Thin layer chromatography of the hydrolysate could be more precise. 

History. Like biphenyl, o-phenylphenol was of major importance in chemical industries in Europe before and after World War II, as intermediate for dyes, rubber and different laboratory uses. In opposition to biphenyl it is not only used to preserve the surface of citrus fruits but also to protect cosmetics and some technical products (e.g. protein based glues or emulsions), and as an active ingredient in disinfectants and cleaning agents, sometimes used in the food industries. 

Fish glue is a similar protein-based glue made from the skins and bones of fish. An exceptionally clear adhesive can be made from fish and was the first adhesive used for photographic emulsions for photo film and photo resist coatings for photoengraving processes. 

Whereas the range of uses to which resin exudates and tar-pitch extractives has been emphasized, some of these functions could have been plausibly served by a range of other natural products. For example, knowledge of other prehistoric adhesives could be biased by the poor survival of protein-based (such as fish, bone and horn) glues. However, it should be remembered that these substances... 

The early promise of plastics manufactured from acid- and formaldehyde-treated isolated soy protein was never realized, for economic and functional reasons. Soy flour has seen significant use in glues for plywood and other laminated wood products. These have been displaced by petroleum-based glues that exhibit superior microbial and water resistance. Textile fibers prepared from soy isolate or flour never saw commercial production due to poor wet strength and an unpleasant odor when wet. Soy protein isolate is currently used in paper-coating applications (15, 16). 

Hojilla-Evangelista, M.P. Adhesive qualities of soybean protein-based foamed plywood glues./. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2002, 79, 1145-1149. 

In this chapter we address three of the most widely used families of protein-based adhesives for wood soybean, blood, and casein. The technology presented is drawn primarily from the years 1930 through about 1960, when the consumption and technical refinements of these adhesives were at their peak. Soybean glues are discussed first because they were often utilized in combination with blood or casein to yield adhesives of intermediate performance properties as well as being used alone. 

CAS 59-50-7 EINECS/ELINCS 200-431-6 Uses Preservative, bactericide, fungicide, yeast inhibitor for concrete additives, metalworking fluids, textile auxs., thickener sol ns., adhesives (incl. protein-based formulations), glues, knifing fillers, aq. coatings, etc. Features Broad spectrum activity esp. effective against putrefactive bacteria rec. for prods, which are difficult to preserve Preventol CMK Pellets [Bayer AG]... 

Cross-linking of the Glue-like Substance to Form Contractile Elastic Protein-based Sheets and Bands... 

Adhesives as materials can be classified in a number of ways such as chemical structure or functionality. In this book, adhesives have been classified into two main classes natural and synthetic. The natural group includes animal glue, casein- and protein-based adhesives, and natural rubber adhesives. The synthetic group has been further divided into two main groups industrial and special compounds. Industrial compounds include acrylics, epoxies, silicones, etc. An example of the specialty group is pressure-sensitive adhesives. 

The Wright Brothers plane was constructed of spruce, ash and musUn and contained two 8-ft propellers, which were carved from laminated spruce the lamination being achieved using a typical protein-based wood-working glue. 

The literature [5] indicates that there were many adhesives based on blood albumen or combinations of blood albumen with phenol-aldehydes, casein, soybean meal and other protein-based products. However, in aircraft structures blood-based glues would have been almost exclusively used in plywood [6,7]. With the aircraft industry s reluctance to use casein adhesives, due to their poor water resistance, blood albumen glues and/or blood albumen/casein or occasionally blood albumen/soya bean extract became the primary adhesive systems for the preparation of plywood until ousted by the Tego phenol-formaldehyde (P/F) system in the early to mid-1930s. 

Adhesive solutions in water include phenolics, amino-resins, methyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, protein-based products such as blood and fish glues. 

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