Protection, endothelial damage

Kapiotis, S., Hermann, M., Held, 1., Seelos, C., Ehringer, H., and Gmeiner, B.M., 1997, Genistein, the dietary-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, prevents LDL oxidation and protects endothelial cells from damage by atherogenic LDL, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 17 2868-2874. 

Aldini G, Carini M, Piccoli A, Rossoni G Facino RM. 2003. Procyanidins from grape seeds protect endothelial cells from peroxynitrite damage and enhance endothelium-dependent relaxation in human artery New evidences for cardio-protection. Life Sci 73 2883-2898. 

Selenoprotein P Found in plasma and assooiated with the endothelial oell. Appears to protect endothelial cells against damage from peroxynitrite... 

Craig MT, Olson RJ, Mamalis N, Olson RJ. Air bubble endothelial damage during phacoemulsification in human eye bank eyes The protective effects of Healon and Viscoat . J Cataract Refract Surg 1990 16 597-602... 

Monson MC, Tamura M, Momalis N, Olson RJ. Protective effects of Healon and Occucoat against air bubble endothelial damage during ultrasonic agitation of the anterior chamber. J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 17 613-616... 

Lei YP, Liu CT, Sheen LY, Chen HW, Lii CK (2010) Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase against damage by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Mol Nutr Food Res 54(Suppl 1) S42-S52. doi 10.1002/mnfr.200900278... 

There are several reports on the biological activity of Fru-Arg. It was demonstrated that Fru-Arg attenuated Cu -induced LDL oxidation and protected endothelial cells from the oxidant-induced membrane damage (67). Fru-Arg has been also reported to attenuate noradrenaline-induced hypertension and ameliorate microcirculation in an in vivo study (68). Yoo et al. reported the inhibitory effect of Fru-Arg on protein-arginine Y-methyltransferase. However, its inhibitory effect was almost same as arginine. It was concluded that amino-group was critical for its activity (69). It is also reported that Fru-Arg might have the beneficial effects in lessening the incidence of anemia in sickle cell disease (59,60). 

Sala, R., Moriggi, E., Corvasce, G. and Morelli, D. (1993). Protection by N-acetylcysteine a iinst pulmonary endothelial cell damage induced by oxidant injury. Eur. Respir. J. 6, 440-446. 

Quercetin and rutin suppressed photosensitized hemolysis of human erythrocytes with ho values equal to 40 p.mol l-1 and 150 jjlmt>I I 1, respectively [139]. Suppression of photohemolysis was accompanied by inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Morin inhibited oxygen radical-mediated damage induced by superoxide or peroxyl radicals to the human cells in the cardiovascular system, erythrocytes, ventricular myocytes, and saphenous vein endothelial cells [140]. Rutin protected against hemoglobin oxidation inside erythrocytes stimulated by prooxidant primaquine [141],... 

High antioxidative activity carvedilol has been shown in isolated rat heart mitochondria [297] and in the protection against myocardial injury in postischemic rat hearts [281]. Carvedilol also preserved tissue GSL content and diminished peroxynitrite-induced tissue injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits [298]. Habon et al. [299] showed that carvedilol significantly decreased the ischemia-reperfusion-stimulated free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in rat hearts. Very small I50 values have been obtained for the metabolite of carvedilol SB 211475 in the iron-ascorbate-initiated lipid peroxidation of brain homogenate (0.28 pmol D1), mouse macrophage-stimulated LDL oxidation (0.043 pmol I 1), the hydroxyl-initiated lipid peroxidation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (0.15 pmol U1), the cell damage measured by LDL release (0.16 pmol l-1), and the promotion of cell survival (0.13 pmol l-1) [300]. SB 211475 also inhibited superoxide production by PMA-stimulated human neutrophils. 

Antioxidant effects. Superoxide (02 ) is a free radical which contributes to oxidative stress, a process which causes significant damage to the molecular structure of cells. NO induces the synthesis of endothelial cell superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) the enzyme which forms hydrogen peroxide H2O2 from 02 A positive feedback loop is set up as H202 induces eNOS which produces more NO and so on. This is a protective action as superoxide which is potentially damaging to cells is buffered by NO ... 

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