Properties of sediments

Test chemicals and their use pattern information, physico-chemical properties of sediment samples, water sample quality, study field information, and climatic conditions of the study area are essential as basic information. Data concerning dissipation patterns or distributions of the chemical should be reported as those in the surface water layer, in the sediment layer, and the sum of the two. The concentration should be expressed as micrograms per kilogram for a sediment (SS also if needed) on a dry weight basis, and micrograms per liter for water. 

Hassett, J.J., Means, J.C., Banwart, W.L., and Wood, S.G. Sorption properties of sediments and energy-related pollutants. Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA Report-600/3-80-041, 1980, 150 p. 

Table I Information on sample origin, carbonate content and bulk organic matter properties of sediments from the bituminous laminite series of the Nordlinger Ries (for abbreviations see text). Carbonate content is expressed as CaCC>3. The residue not recoverable from the liquid chromatography column accounts for the remainder of 100%. n.d. = not determined. 

Secondary porosity results from the dissolution of carbonates in the subsurface environment. It can occur both in limestones and in sandstones where carbonate cements of original labile detrital minerals are dissolved. Because the formation of secondary porosity can substantially enhance the reservoir properties of sediments, it has received considerable attention from the petroleum industry. 

Bioturbation the effects of organisms on the chemical and physical properties of sediments. 

Rhoads, D.C., and Boyer, L.F. (1982) Effects of marine benthos on physical properties of sediments. A successional perspective, it In Animal-Sediment Relations (McCall, P.L., and Tevesz, M.J.S., eds.), pp. 3-51, Plenum Press, New York. 

As oil and gas exploration extends into progressively deeper waters, the potential hazard posed by gas hydrates to operations is gaining increasing recognition. Hazards can be considered as arising from two possible events (1) the release of high-pressure gas trapped below the hydrate stability zone, or (2) the destabilization of in situ hydrates. A major issue is how gas hydrates alter the physical properties of sediment. The link between seafloor failure and gas... 

Preston, M.R. Raymundo, C.C. (1993) The associations of linear alkyl benzenes with the bulk properties of sediments from the River Mersey Estuary. Environmental Pollution 81, 7-13. 

Table 2.2 Physical properties of sediment grains, pore fluid and sediment frame used for the computation of attenuation and phase velocity curves according to Biot-Stoll s sediment model (Fig. 2.12).

Table 2A-1 Physical properties of sediment forming minerals, at laboratory conditions (20°C temperature, 1 at pressure). After Wohlenberg (1982) and Gebrande (1982).

The physical properties of sediments change continuously during burial as a function of the mechanical and chemical processes described above. This changes also the seismic velocities and attributes. Inverting the seismic signals to interpret sediment properties, like porosity and fluid content is very difficult because the solutions are rarely unique. 

Hassett, J. J., J. C. Means, W. L. Banwart, and S. G. Wood. 1980. Sorption properties of sediments and energy-related pollutants. EPA Report EPA-600/... 

In the framework of a land reclamation project, electrokinetics was applied in combination with preloading and prefabricated vertical drains to improve the mechanical strength of marine sediments intermittent current and noninsulated electrodes were adopted (Lo et al, 2000). The results showed that the mechanical properties of sediment were signiflcantly improved in the vicinity of the electrodes after 22-34 days, by applying voltage gradients ranging between 9.5 and 28.2V/m. 

No information specifically related to transformation and degradation in sediment and soil was identified in the available literature. However, chemical speciation of zinc in sediment and soil is probably affected by the same factors affecting its fate in water. The sediment and soil chemistry of zinc are governed primarily by the pH and the physical properties of sediment and soil. In acidic... 

The CPT was originally known as the Dutch CPT. The test is a versatile sounding method that can be used to determine the stratigraphic identification, soil strength, deformation, and dynamic properties of sediments. In recent years, this has been expanded to include chemical data and hydraulic properties of the subsurface strata. The current cone penetrometer has its beginnings in the early 1930s in the Netherlands. Cone penetrometers... 

Sediment distribution of surficial materials, North Pacific Ocean basin. (After Keller, G.H., Shear strength and other physical properties of sediments from some ocean basins. Proceedings of the Conference on Civil Engineering in the Oceans, ASCE Press, San Francisco, CA, 319-417,1968. Reprinted with permission of ASCE.)... 

Moore, D.G. 1964. Shear strength and related properties of sediments from experimental Mohole (Guadalupe site). Journal of Geophysical Research 69(20) 4271-4291. 

Hamilton, E.L. 1987. Acoustic properties of sediments. 2nd EASE Specialized Conference, June, Madrid, Spain, Sociedad Espanola de Acustica, Institute de Acustica-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, p. 279. 

Hampton, L.D. 1967. Acoustic properties of sediments. Journal of the Acoustical Societu of America, 42(4) 882-890. 

Vanoni, V.A., Nomioos, G.N. (1960). Resistance properties of sediment-laden streams. Trans. ASCE 15 1140-1166 125 1172-1175. 

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