Properties Amendment

In order to overcome rejections based on prior pubHcations or patents, the appHcant often must amend the patent claims to include aspects of the invention which are not found in the pubHcations cited by the examiner as a basis for the rejections. The appHcant may also wish to provide properties, characteristics, or advantages of the invention which are unexpected in view of these pubHcations and patents. 

Commercially available fluorocarbon elastomers meet automotive specifications in the HK section of ASTM D2000 and SAE J-200. ASTM D1418 specifies designations of composition, eg, fluorocarbon elastomers are designated CEM, EKM, or EEKM. Commercially available fluorocarbon elastomers offer a balance of those properties needed to meet the major O-ring specifications, such as AMS 7276, AMS 7280A, AMS 7259, MIL 83248 Amendment 1 Type II, Class I and II. 

GCSAA - GCM July 2000 - Soil amendments affect turf... five days (9). To improve water-holding properties, another team recommended the use of diatomaceous earth as an amendment to sand (8). However, another report.., http //WWW. gcsaa. org/gcm/2000/july00/07soil. html... 

These experts collectively have knowledge of methyl parathion s physical and chemical properties, toxicokinetics, key health end points, mechanisms of action, human and animal exposure, and quantification of risk to humans. All reviewers were selected in conformity with the conditions for peer review specified in Section 104(I)(13) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, as amended. 

Requirements for labelling of containers for supply may differ from those for conveyance. Key features of a supply label are to identify the substance (the chemical name in most cases) and any hazards and safety precuations. In Europe the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances is covered by Directive 67/548/EEC as amended. This requires labels to identify appropriate risk and safety phrases (Tables 12.2 and 12.3) depending upon product properties. A substance is considered dangerous if in Part lA of an approved list or if it exhibits hazardous properties as defined in Schedule 1 for supply, or Schedule 2 for conveyance as shown in Tables 12.4 and 12.5. Substances not tested should be labelled Caution — substance not yet fully tested . Criteria for risk phrases are provided, e.g. as in Table 12.6 for toxic compounds. 

Aliphatic acids such as butyric acid have been previously implicated as being allelopathic compounds (46, 47, 23). Chou and Patrick (23) isolated butyric acid from soil amended with rye and showed that it was phytotoxic. Hydroxy acids have also been shown to possess phytotoxic properties (48) but have not been implicated in any allelopathic associations. Since SHBA is a stereo isomer, and the enantiomer was not identified because of impurity, all bioassays were run using a racemic mixture. The D-(-) stereo isomer of SHBA has been isolated from both microorganisms and root nodules of legumes and is suspected to be a metabolic intermediate in these systems (49). It is likely that only one enantiomer was present in the extract therefore, the true phytotoxic potential of this compound awaits clarification of the phytotoxicity of the individual enantiomers. 

Agricultural interests have amended existing soil properties to improve productivity their experience demonstrates the power of knowledge of soil properties and the ability to control them.14 A primary benefit of these amendment efforts was improvement in soil-water-holding capacity and increased rate of water removal from all soil layers by plants. The benefits of soil modification remain effective for decades. There is opportunity for similar improvements in soil during ET landfill cover design and construction. Control of ET cover soil properties has potential to enhance cover performance and should add little to construction cost. 

For compacted, low-permeability soil liners, the U.S. EPA draft guidance recommends natural soil materials, such as clays and silts. However, soils amended or blended with different additives (e.g., lime, cement, bentonite clays, and borrow clays) may also meet the current selection criteria of low hydraulic conductivity, or permeability, and sufficient thickness to prevent hazardous constituent migration out of the landfill unit. Therefore, U.S. EPA does not exclude compacted soil liners that contain these amendments. Additional factors affecting the design and construction of CCLs include plasticity index (PI), Atterburg limits, grain sizes, clay mineralogy, and attenuation properties. 

Tsutsuki K, Ponnamperuma FN. Behavior of anaerobic decomposition products in submerged soils Effects of organic material amendment, soil properties, and temperature. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 1987 33 13-33. 

According to an O.S. amendment sheet, the procedure as described [1] is dangerous because the reaction mixture (dicyanodiamide and ammonium nitrate) is similar in composition to commercial blasting explosives. This probably also applies to similar earlier preparations [2]. An earlier procedure which involved heating ammonium thiocyanate, lead nitrate and ammonia demolished a 50 bar autoclave [3], TGA and DTA studies show that air is not involved in the thermal decomposition [4], Explosive properties of the nitrate are detailed [5], An improved process involves catalytic conversion at 90-200°C of a molten mixture of urea and ammonium nitrate to give 92% conversion (on urea) of guanidinium nitrate, recovered by crystallisation. Hazards of alternative processes are listed [6],... 

Oline DK, Grant MC (2002) Scaling patterns of biomass and soil properties an empirical analysis. Landsc Ecol 17 13-26 Perez-de-Mora A, Burgos P, Madejon E, Cabrera F, Jaeckel P, Schloter M (2006) Microbial community structure and function in a soil contaminated by heavy metals effects of plant growth and different amendments. Soil Biol Biochem 38 327-341... 

Borlaug N (1995) Fertilizer use in Sub-Saharan Africa - keynote address to the roundtable of science advisors for science-led development in Africa. Maputu, Mozambique Bulluck III LR, Brosius M, Evanylo GK, Ristaino JB (2002) Organic and synthetic fertility amendments influence soil microbial, physical and chemical properties on organic and conventional farms. Appl Soil Ecol 19 147-160... 

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