Proof of identity

Identification of the chemical nature of these adducts is, however, possible only by chromatographic comparison with standards prepared by reacting the ultimate carcinogens with DNA. Proof of identity by co-chromatography should be undertaken using several chromatographic systems which depend for their separation upon different properties of the adduct molecules derivatization prior to reanalysis may be included. 

Precisely in the domain of analysis by physico chemical property IR-spectroscopy offers a far more characteristic, valid and qualified proof of identity than the comparison of any other physical property. 

The operator s first point of contact is the customer. After providing proof of identity, essential questions must be asked such as what are the arrangements with stewards, security and emergency services Are the police and near neighbours aware of the display Where is the nearest telephone and emergency exit Are there any first-aid or other facilities ... 

Identification of unknown compounds by retention times or peak enhancement is not conclusive or absolute proof of identity. It is possible for two different substances to have identical retention times under the same experimental conditions. For positive identification, the sample must be collected at the exit port and characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, or chemical analysis. 

Before the development and widespread application of spectroscopic methods for the elucidation of structure, confirmation of the class type of an unknown organic compound was completed by the preparation of two or more crystalline functional derivatives. If the compounds had been previously reported in the literature, agreement between the published physical constants of the derivatives with those prepared by the worker was accepted as proof of identity. In many cases, and particularly in natural product chemistry, functional group recognition led to oxidative, reductive, or hydrolytic breakdown into smaller carbon-containing fragments. These were, if necessary, separated, characterised and identified by derivative preparation. The reassembly of the jig-saw of fragments inferred by the identity of the fission products, then led to postulated structures. 

Identification The tests described under this heading in monographs are designed for application to substances taken from labeled containers and are provided only as an aid to substantiate identification. These tests, regardless of their specificity, are not necessarily sufficient to establish proof of identity, but failure of a substance taken from a labeled container to meet the requirements of a prescribed identification test means that it does not conform to the requirements of the monograph. 

Micro infrared spectrometry for final and definitive proof of identity. 

The difference between the heats of formation of C8HeO+ from reactions (10) and (11) (46 kcal) probably exceeds the uncertainties and errors mentioned above, which suggests that the fragment ion does not have a ground-state benzofuran structure (2). The close similarity (within experimental error) of the heats of formation in reactions (10) and (12), is consistent with the acetylenic-phenol structure (4) for the ion (Occolowitz and White, 1968) but this does not form proof of identity. The... 

National and international compendial [pharmacopoeial] authorities publish authenticated reference spectra. Authentic infrared IR reference spectra are required for proof of identity of official substances by direct comparison with observed IR spectra obtained with the test substance examined in a prescribed manner. 

Tic can be used to indicate the identity of a compound, by comparing the unknown sample with a known material. In general each substance is spotted separately and also together (co-spot). Caution should be applied as co-running on tic is not definitive proof of identity. Of course, substances that do not co-nm are definitely not the same. 

If the compound melts sharply, within a range of a degree or two and within a degree or two of the theoretical melting-point, it is usually sufficient proof of identity. Repeated determinations should be made to insure good results. 

T Tnequivocal identification of pesticides, pesticide metabolites, and other chemical environmental pollutants in most cases requires more evidence than can be provided by a single chromatographic method. Several approaches may be utilized to secure firm proof of identity. For example, supportive chromatographic data such as relative retention... 

Pharmacists should make a record of whether or not they asked for proof of identity of individuals collecting Schedule 2 controlled drugs and whether proof of identity was provided (see Section 6.3.4). 

Name, address of person or firm from whom obtained Amount obtained Name, address of person or firm supplied Authority to possess -prescriber or licence holder details Person collectinq Patient/Representative or Healthcare Professional (name and address) Proof of identity requested Yes/No Proof of identity provided Yes/No Amount supplied Carried over ... 

FeFS88 Uriel Feige, Amos Fiat, Adi Shamir Zero-Knowledge Proofs of Identity Journal of Cryptology 1/2 (1988) 77-94. 

I once discussed the proof of identity for a long time with a friend of... 

The results published are not necessarily specific for a given type of caramel. They may be barely credible for plain caramels. For other caramels, combined analytical methods (chromatography of dilute solutions of caramel foUowed by thin-layer electrophoresis, and size-exclusion chromatography) should be applied. Any proof of identity of caramels (or products of the Maillard reaction in a food) is impossible without application of such complex procedures. For instance, thin-layer chromatography alone fails to distinguish between particular types of caramel. ... 

This lipid carrier is, therefore, identical with, or at least very similar to, the C55 lipid involved in the synthesis of D-mannan in Micrococcus lysodeikticus the latter lipid, also, has two internal, trans, double bonds. The former lipid behaves very similarly to the carrier lipid involved in O side-chain synthesis in Gram-negative bacteria, and can substitute for the latter lipid in the O antigen system. This result is not, however, a rigorous proof of identity, as the M. lysodeikticus system is known to be able to use ficaprenol phosphate as efficiently as undecaprenol phosphate. ... 

SNPs and InDei (Insertion/deletion) are distributed equally over the total genome of animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. They have very low mutation rates and therefore can be used for animal or plant species determination, identification of fungi or bacterial strains, proof of identity, and authenticity testing. Detection of SNPs can be carried out on both genomic and mitochondrial DNA. 

It is a small step to take from unlvarlable identification to multivariable or pattern matching. If we are concerned with just a single alternative pattern [A], but several (n) measured variables, then the consistency test require that all n variables match statistically when the Identity of test sample is the same as that of the control sample [B]. Combining probabilities as before, (1-a ) - 0.95 - nCl-Oj) = (1-a) . Proof of Identity, as before, includes consideration of sufficiency -- i.e., we require in... 

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