Self-regulation promotion

Owsley, C., Stalvey, B.T., and Phillips, J.M. 2003. The efficacy of an educational intervention in promoting self-regulation among high-risk older drivers. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 35, 393—400. 

Schraw, G., Kent, J.C., Kendall, H. Promoting self-regulation in science education metacognition as part of a broader perspective on learning. Res. Sci. Educ. 36(1-2), 111-139 (2006)... 

Despite the attractions of economic forces driving environmental protection, some cautions and failures have been noted. Firstly, the export of hazardous waste to countries where costs for treatment are lower enhances environmental risks during transport and has the potential for transboundary export in the event of pollution. At the same time, the loss of raw material may deprive the home market of an adequate supply of feedstock for the home-based industry. Secondly, there is considerable scepticism that self-regulation of TBT-based antifoulants could be achieved in a timely manner by the shipping industry. This is an instance where the cost benehts to one industry are born by another commercial sector, notably aquaculture. Thus, protection of the marine environment is likely to be aided by economic factors but the role of government, via taxation and standard setting, is not likely to be usurped. Public education and, in turn, pressure, can promote and support corporate environmentalism. 

The regulations also address the need to ensure that drug information provided by pharmaceutical firms is truthful, balanced, and accurately communicated. As such, it must be consistent with the indications for use and the established performance and limitations. In Europe, the directives do not impose a specific requirement to review advertising or promotional material before it is released. Acceptable standards may be achieved via voluntary codes of practice and self-regulation. However, national authorities must monitor such material and should have the power to act where the need arises. In the U S, the F DA must vet advertising and promotional material before it is released. 

Herxheimer A, Cohier J. Promotion by the British Pharmaceutical Industry, 1983-8 a critical analysis of self regulation. BMJ 1990 300 307-11. 

The governance of this promotion varies from country to country and is by either legal regulation or self-regulation but is often a mixture of the two. 

Member companies shall properly recognise the objectives of post-marketing surveillance (PMS), i.e. the establishment of the appropriate usage of marketed pharmaceuticals, and shall conduct such PMS activities on a scientific basis, in strict compliance with laws, regulations and self-regulations. These activities shall not be misused as a means of promotion. 

Internet Member companies shall fully realise that brochures, advertisements in medical journals, internet web pages for the medical profession, and audiovisual materials such as slides, video and other promotional materials are important media in the dissemination of drug information. These items should be produced in compliance with the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and relevant self-regulations. The statements contained therein shall be correct, fair and objective, based on scientific data. 

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