Older drivers

Leveille SG, Buchner DM, Koepsell TD, McCloskey LW, Wolf ME, Wagner EH. Psychoactive medications and injurious motor vehicle collisions involving older drivers. Epidemiology 1994 5 591-598. 

For those 16 years of age or older driver s license or ID card school ID with photo voter s registration card U.S. military card ID card issued by a governmental agency military dependent s ID card Native American tribal documents Canadian driver s license. 

To establish road user groups that may warrant investigation, a consensus survey utilizing a modified Delphi technique was conducted nationally with experts in the fields of road and rail safety in 2004 and confirmed with current literature and research with Train Drivers as key informants. Older drivers, younger drivers and heavy vehicles drivers were indicated to be potential at-risk groups by the panel of... 

Interestingly, the ISA and FDW systems were effective only while turned on when they were turned off, drivers quickly reverted to their usual driving behaviours. The ISA and FDW systems appeared to be equally effective at night and during the day and for younger (aged less than 45 years) and older drivers (aged 45 years and over). 

Lang, B. 2011. Risk Perception in the Older Driver. Unpubhshed PhD thesis. 

Strayer, D.L., and Drews, F.A. 2004. Profiles in driver distraction Effects of cell phone conversations on younger and older drivers. Human Factors, 46(4), 640. 

Older Driver Behavioural Adaptation to Age-Related Changes... 

While current figures show that older drivers are involved in few crashes in terms of absolute numbers, they represent one of the highest-risk categories for crashes involving serious injury and death per number of drivers and per distance travelled (OECD, 2001), largely due to their greater frailty and reduced tolerance to injury (Augenstein, 2001 Dejeammes and Ramet, 1996 Evans, 1991 Mackay, 1998 Padmanaban, 2001 Viano et al., 1990). 

The OECD report on aging and transport (OECD, 2001) states that the most critical safety issue for older drivers is their frailty and associated injury susceptibility. The energy required to cause injury reduces as a person ages (Augenstein, 2001) older adults biomechanical tolerances to injury are lower than those of younger persons (Mackay, 1998 Viano et al., 1990), primarily due to reductions in bone and neuromuscular strength and fracture tolerance (Dejeammes and Ramet, 1996 Padmanaban, 2001). 

Li et al. (2003) used the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System (EARS) and a national probability sample of all crashes (both non-casualty and casualty) to compute the role of frailty in older-driver crashes. After due statistical correction, the authors reported that older drivers (and especially older female drivers ) overrepresentation in fatalities could be explained mainly by fragility, accounting for around 60-90% of the fatalities. 

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