Projection, grading

Individual projects were removed from the course, and replaced by In Class Designs (ICD). These ICDs were essentially open-book, open-note tests that students were required to complete individually. The ICDs were linked to each project and focused on a critical aspect of the project topic. Students were required to pass the ICD with at least a 65% in order to receive full credit on the related project submission. Those not meeting that criteria received only the ICD percentage of the associated project grade (e.g. a student earning a 50% on the ICD and an 80% on the group project would receive a 40% on the group project). 

The team s design project grading consists of a proposal (10%), interim report (20%), final report (50%) and poster presentation (20%). Faculty advisors are responsible for grading their team s proposal, interim, and final reports using a format that is common for all design teams. 

The poster presentation has recently been implemented as the presentation form and it has become an excellent vehicle to promote the projects and the School of Engineering. The poster presentation takes place after the last day of classes, jnst as if it was an exam. The presentations take place in the University Centre, where there is high visibility for the entire nniversity community. Many positive comments have been received as to the type and qnality of projects. Grading is open to all visitors, faculty advisors and practising engineers invited by the course co-ordinator. 

At the present rate of world phosphate rock consumption (150 x 10 t/yr), the total world reserve (Table 14) is sufficient for about 200 years, and the resource would be sufficient for nearly 900 years. At expected increased rates of consumption, the reserves and resources are adequate for at least 150 years and 700 years, respectively. At projected rates of consumption, the high grade reserves in Florida probably will be exhausted by the year 2000. Rock production from the Florida reserve presentiy constitutes about 80% of all United States production and about one-third of world production (106). This rate of depletion is causing increased interest in western United States reserves which represent nearly 80% of present U.S. total reserves. 

Action to compile standards for food-grade chemicals did not take place until after the enactment of the Food Additives Amendment to the Food, Dmg, and Cosmetic Act in 1958 (13). This amendment stated that substances added to foods should be of food-grade quaUty, but it contained no criteria by which such quahty could be determined (see also Colorants forfood, drugs, cosmetics, and medicaldevices). The Food Protection Committee of the National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council (NAS—NRC) therefore undertook the project of producing a Food Chemicals Codex. 

Solids. Proper handling and disposal techniques can obviate potential problems associated with the soHd waste-retorted shale. Retorted shale disposal and revegetation have posed no adverse environmental impacts at the Unocal Parachute Project (62). EarHer studies carried out using Paraho and Lurgi retorted shales indicated that these materials behave as low grade cements (63,64) and can be engineered and compacted into high density materials (Pig. 11) and water impervious stmctures (Table 15). 

Most LLDPE grades are commodity plastics manufactured iu large quantities woddwide. LLDPE production is projected to iucrease tenfold over the years 1983 to 2005 (72) ... 

Propylene has many commercial and potential uses. The actual utilisation of a particular propylene supply depends not only on the relative economics of the petrochemicals and the value of propylene in various uses, but also on the location of the supply and the form in which the propylene is available. Eor example, economics dictate that recovery of high purity propylene for polymerisation from a smaH-volume, dilute off-gas stream is not feasible, whereas polymer-grade propylene is routinely recovered from large refineries and olefins steam crackers. A synthetic fuels project located in the western United States might use propylene as fuel rather than recover it for petrochemical use a plant on the Gulf Coast would recover it (see Euels, synthetic). 

W. Ingle, R. Rosier, S. Thompson, and R. Chaney, Semiconductor-Grade Solar Silicon Purification Project NASA-CR-158868, Rept.-2257/12, Cape Canavral, Fla, 1979,... 

Several constraints were faced in the design phase of the project. For example, special attention was given to the fact that 400 Series stainless steel, carbon, and some grades of aluminum were not compatible with the process. Additionally, the expander discharge temperature was required to stay between 35-70°F. The operating rpm of the expander wheel was determined by the rpm required by the third stage of the air compressor. 

If we investigate demineralization, for example, then from each OEM there are more than a dozen possible design configurations, with a further half-dozen or more grades of resin that can be potentially specified. Thus, it cannot be emphasized enough that higher purity water IX design projects must be undertaken by specialists. 

A three-year joint European project, RECAM, recommends that it should be possible to colleet more than 50% of carpet waste in Western Europe. High-grade materials such as PA and PP could be recovered for the manufacture of engineering plastics compounds and more than 8 million Gigajoules of energy could be reeovered from the remainder. At the heart of the proj ect are ehemieal recycling processes developed by both DSM and Enichem. 

Revegetation is a cost-effective method to stabilize the surface of hazardous waste disposal sites, especially when preceded by capping and grading. Revegetation decreases erosion by wind and water and contributes to the development of a naturally fertile and stable surface environment. It may be part of a long-term site reclamation project, or it may be used on a temporary or seasonal basis to stabilize intermediate cover surfaces at waste disposal sites. 

Example 2.1 A new heat exchanger is to be installed as part of a large project. Preliminary sizing of the heat exchanger has estimated its heat transfer area to be 500 m2. Its material of construction is low-grade stainless steel, and its pressure rating is 5 bar. Estimate the contribution of the heat exchanger to the total cost of the project (CE Index of Equipment = 441.9). 

To date, electrochemical C02 transport has not been applied to situations other than manned spacecraft life support. It appears possible that commercial MCFC s can provide an economical means for providing food-grade C02 [34]. In this scheme (Fig. 23b) the MCFC acts as a concentrator for C02 (and some 02) from the flue gas emitted from a power plant burning relatively clean fuel (e.g. natural gas). Electric power input is required, as is considerable regenerative heat exchange. Despite these charges, the process would be economical if the MCFC stacks become commercially available at projected prices [34]. 

The precipitated silica (J. Crosfield Sons) was heated in vacuo at 120° for 24h. before use. Two grades of surface areas 186 and 227 m g l (BET,N2), were used during this project. Random copolymers, poly(methyl methacrylates) and polystyrene PS I were prepared by radical polymerization block polymers and the other polystyrenes were made by anionic polymerization with either sodium naphthalene or sodium a methylstyrene tetramer as initiator. The polymer compositions and molecular weights are given in Table I. 

The course assessment is graded A, B, C or D depending on how well you do in the written examination and the Project Report, l.e. your total mark out of 130. To gain a course award you must also pass all aspects of the Internal assessment. 

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