Open-book

Testing knowledge acquisition interviews and/or the discussion of case studies can be conducted on a fairly informal, non-threatening basis. Whilst exams, open-book tests and multiple-choice tests are an option, they appear far too stringent within a mentoring context. 

The hydrogen peroxide molecule has an interesting structure that has been described as an "open book" ... 

Passing through the Turret Room, you see a name written in the open book in letters of black fire. Remember it, for it is your awarded Throne Name. Go now to the spired stairways and descend, via the Moon channel, to the landing of Tiphareth. 

The composites described in this chapter present superior quality which is demonstrated by their surface properties and performance in comparison with the parent components, GO and MOF or other inorganic phases. The important aspect of these composite formations is taking advantage of the promising properties of both phases and the creation of the hybrid, which exhibits the surface features of both phases and, as a bonus, new unique properties created on the interface. Moreover, the specific behavior of the individual components when placed together can open the door for new applications, not foreseen in this concise chapter. One should see that the detailed characterization of these materials as adsorbents is only one example of their application, which we could explore in detail. Nevertheless, the zinc (hydr)oxide story, where the enhanced photoactivity and water splitting reactions were noticed while investigating the adsorption phenomena, is one more example of the open book of the usefulness of such new materials. 

The book consists of two parts. The first is an open-book section wherein the questions aim to assess the student s ability... 

Eor each test, write the number of the question and your answer on a separate sheet of paper, then after going through all the questions in the test, compare your answers with those in the book. Attempt one open-book test and one closed-book test so as to mimic examination conditions. Refer to Appendix D for feedback on those questions you did not answer correctly. Information on the proprietary names listed in the book is given in Appendix A. Appendix B includes definitions of medical terms included in the book, while Appendix C lists abbreviations and acronyms. 

The following are suggestions about how to tackle the questions in Test 1 of this book. These pointers may be applied to the other tests in this publication. The questions are tackled in groups and a number of points are considered. However, some of the points discussed may certainly be adopted in answering other questions. Sometimes the open-book questions may even present more of a challenge than the closed-book questions. In the case of Test 1, which is an open-book examination, there is also advice about the best use of reference books within the time allowed for answering the MCQs. 

The tests are set so that there are 100 questions with an open-book option, and another 100 questions of the closed-book type. Questions in both formats may appear to be complex in their setting. Devote enough time to understand the question clearly. Statements or advice that a heading may be used once, more than once or not at all mean exactly that. 

In an open-book situation, expect a number of proprietary (trade) names or diseases. Although candidates are allowed to look up all the trade names in the textbooks available, in an examination this is not practical and sometimes impossible to achieve in the allocated time. Check the active ingredients of a proprietary name only when necessary or when in doubt. You are expected to have a good knowledge of most brands and pharmaceutical manufacturers (Q26-40). 

Any reference books to be used in the examination should not be bought at the last moment — books should have been used for some time because it is easier to turn the pages, as those in new books tend to stick together such minor annoyances encountered during an examination can increase the tension. In addition, get used to the newer editions of the textbooks. Practise using the indexes, appendices and footnotes and be familiar with the overall structure of the reference books used in an open-book session.)... 

A good reminder is that a reference book in an open-book examination should be used just to support your knowledge and only in rare cases to find unknown data. The availability of books in an examination does not replace the need for studying, particularly basic facts that require instant recall. Lack of this kind of preparation is often one of the reasons why some candidates perform worse in an open-book examination than in a closed-book one. Do not expect to gather all the information during the examination — the questions are designed to ensure that only students who are well versed and properly trained in pharmacy practice will pass. 

Questions 58-63 refer to diseases. In addition to using formularies such as the BNF, in this case, you may need to refer to other textbooks such as Minor Illness or Major Disease see Bibliography) to answer these types of questions. In tackling Q61, the emphasis that the textbook places on detection combing for head lice signifies that this is the diagnostic process. This indicates how important it is that an authoritative book is used in an examination when you are allowed a choice of textbooks. The use of such books will help you find the correct answer, even when the answer is not specifically stated as such but needs to be inferred. The textbook selected for use in open-book MCQs should have an extensive index for quick reference. 

Most of the advice given for the open-book examinations should also be kept in mind for the closed-book tests. It is... 

The alchemists tell us not to expect much help from books and written directions. When one of them has said all he can say, he adds—"The question is whether even this book will convey any information to one before whom the writings of the Sages and the open book of Nature are exhibited in vain." Another tells his readers the only thing for them is "to beseech God to give you the real philosophical temper, and to open your eyes to the facts of nature thus alone will you reach the coveted goal."... 

In 1901 Demarcay made an elaborate series of fractionations of samarium magnesium nitrate which resulted in the discovery of a new earth, europia (3, 31, 59). Since he could read a complex spectrum like an open book, he was frequently called upon to pass judgment on supposedly new elements, and was the first to observe the new lines of radium in some barium salts brought by Pierre Curie. 

Seven separate studies were carried out with chemistry students taking basic physical chemistry courses (777). Students had to solve a novel problem in an open-book, end-of-semester examination. Seven problems were used, mostly taken from the book by Ritchie et al. (108). One of the problems (adapted from Ritchie et al.) is reproduced below ... 

As a rule, students were not supplied with necessary data (facts, figures, values of constants, etc.) for solving the problems, but they had to search for them in their textbooks. In addition, the students were tested in a follow-up, closed book examination whether they had acquired the necessary knowledge (the partial steps) for solving the corresponding open-book problem. 

A sting surfaced in Bugayev s eyes, but he knew from long experience that was as far as it would get. I m not an open book, Doctor. I ll spare you the details. First my father, then my mother my first wife, my second wife, my two sons and my daughter. All distant memories, their deaths not distant enough. The list, he said, like life, goes on. ... 

M. Elango et al., Hydrogen peroxide clusters The role of open book motif in cage and helical structures. J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 6294—6300 (2006)... 

The new scanner is thin, ultra-light-weight and flexible, is suitable for mobile electronics and could be easily carried in a pocket. Because it can be bent to completely cover the bent page of an open book, it would be suitable for recording fragile, historically invaluable documents or other curved images, for example the labels of wine bottles (Fig. 16.10). 

The molecule folds along the C-N bond common to both rings so that it looks rather like that half-opened book that you put face downwards on the table while you answered the phone. The ester group much prefers to be in free space outside the folded rings and not cramped inside them. 

Only the outside ester—on the same side as the ring junction Hs—is hydrolysed. In the mechanism for ester hydrolysis, the rate-determining step is the attack by the hydroxide ion so the functional group increases in size in the vital step. This will be much easier for the free outside C02Bt group than for the one inside the half-open book. 

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