Rubber products made from recycled

GRT particles have an ability to adsorb hydrocarbons. However, their adsorption capacity is low in comparison with adsorbent materials currently in use. To improve its adsorption capacity various methods for manufacturing of adsorbents and their various uses were proposed, as discussed in this section. An oil absorptive material of lower cost can be obtained by graft copolymerization through blending of various proportions of GRT of particle size of 100 mesh with 4-tert-butylstyrene (tBS), as a monomer in the presence of divinylbenzene, as a crosslinker, and benzoylperoxide, as an initiator (Wu and Zhou, 2009). Oil absorbency of the grafted blends reached a maximum of 24.0 g/g at a feed ratio GRT/tBS of 60/40 and a divinylbenzene concentration of 1 wt.%. 

Active carbon absorbents can also be obtained from the tire tread rubber particles containing good quality CB. This was accomplished by treating the particles of 300 p,m size with the activation agents, such as potassium 

The carbonaceous absorbents for adsorption of cadmium were prepared by heat, chemical, and combined heat and chemical treatments of GRT of particle size varying from 1 to 3 mm (Alexandre-Franco et al., 2011). The adsorbent prepared by heat and combined heat and chemical treatments was found to be more effective in the adsorption of cadmium Ifom aqueous solution than that obtained by chemical treatment alone. 

Activated carbons for pesticide adsorption were prepared from the char of GRT granules (Betancur et al., 2009). The required surface porosity and desired functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon were achieved by a combination of chemical and physical treatment of tire char prior to physical activation. The adsorption capacity of the carbons was evaluated for pesticide removal from waste water. A cost analysis of the prepared adsorbents indicated that they are more cost effective and efficient than the most commercial adsorbents available for removal of pesticides from waste water. 

Scrap tires were pyrolyzed under a nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas environment at various temperatures to produce a char (Manchon-Vizueteet al., 2005). After the completion of pyrolysis, the char was activated by oxygenation at different temperatures. The prepared chars were used to remove copper and lead from aqueous solutions. The optimal temperature for pyrolysis in nitrogen and carbon dioxide atmospheres was 550°C and for activation from 550 to 250°C. Activation of the char by oxygenation significantly improved heavy metal removal efficiencies. It provided much faster removal rates and higher copper removal compared with both pyrolyzed, unactivated chars and commercial activated carbons. 

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The main apparent technical problems posed in relation with these types of potential noise barriers would be their noise abatement capability, structural performance, fire resistance, weatherability, chemical activity, and environmental effects. To assess the quality of new products of such materials, a series of mechanical, noise abatement, and flammability tests should be performed on a number of samples from the panels made of recycled rubber products. The primary function of these panels, i.e., their noise abatement capability is among the most important aspect of their performance. 

The motivation for this work and the ensuing request came from a tire-producing industry who intended to reuse the old tire products to do so, the plan was to produce ribbed panels made of recycled rubber which could be used in the noise abatement walls along the highways. The quality of some samples of this product was to be assessed. The... 

With respect to the use of biobased sources, adhesive products have been ahead of plastics. They are often called natural adhesives. Animal- and plant-based adhesives have been used for thousands of years. Three prominent classes of natural adhesives include proteins (polyamides), carbohydrates (polysaccharides), and natural rubber (mainly cw-polyisoprene). Three specific examples are starch, a carbohydrate gelatin, a protein and rubber cement made from natural rubber. Advantages of biobased adhesives include recyclability and environmental safety. The latter is an important consideration because of presence of solvents and hazardous ingredients in some synthetic adhesives. 

TPOs allow easy recycling of production waste and final products made of TPOs. Studies have shown that products can be manufactured from recycled TPOs without significant loss of performance. This can be seen as a big advantage compared with traditional rubber, which is relatively difficult to recycle and usually leads to inferior products. The disposal of used rubber products has become an ecological problem in the developed countries. 

Recycled polymeric and rubber materials can have various potential applications some of which appear technically sound and economically attractive. Among the potential products of recycled rubber from vehicle tires, flat and ribbed panels made of aggregate of these materials have been considered by several manufacturers. It has been proposed that such panels equipped with waffle plates might be used in the vertical walls which would be installed along the highways to reduce the traffic noise. 

One of the products to be tested was made of recycled plasticized PVC material with granular texture and had an apparent density of 900 kg/m3 it would be produced and delivered in rolls having a surface area ranging from 12 m2 (for 5 mm mat thickness) to 8 m2 (for 8 mm thickness). The other material consisted of recycled rubber which was bonded with a Polyurethane Polymer it had a density of 820 kg/m3. The material of geotexile fleece was Polyester. 

Rubber particles of various origins are used in friction materials to provide friction and wear improvement, noise damping, and as a cost-reducing filler. Powders made from tire peel and other recycled rubber products and partially cross-linked acrylonitrile powders are the most widely used products in friction materials. 

The market of PP/EPDM blends has grown dramatically because of its recycling abihty and processability by conventional thermoplastic processing equipment. The unique characteristics of thermoplastic elastomer made it an attractive alternative to conventional elastomers in a variety of markets. Liu et al. showed from the experimental blends (53) that materials cost reduction of between 30% to 50% is possible in comparison to commercial products if one applies the PP/EPDM blends to the construction of a basketball court, a tennis court, and a roller hockey rink, which were estimated around 7000, 14,000, and 40,000, respectively. The cost comparison took into account the percentage of rubber or PP used in experimental blend, the exponential factor for a scale-up process and the overall surface area of the specific applications. Among many possible application of this blend two readily feasible applications are roofing and flooring. 

Acrylonitrile/Butadiene/Styrene (ABS) Acry-lonitrile/butadiene/styrene (ABS) polymers are not true terpolymers. As HIPS they are multipolymer composite materials, also called polyblends. Continuous ABS is made by the copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile (SAN) in the presence of dissolved PB rubber. It is common to make further physical blends of ABS with different amounts of SAN copolymers to tailor product properties. Similar to the bulk continuous HIPS process, in the ABS process, high di-PB (>50%, >85% 1,4-addition) is dissolved in styrene monomer, or in the process solvent, and fed continuously to a CSTR where streams of AN monomer, recycled S/AN blends from the evaporator and separation stages, peroxide or azo initiators, antioxidants and additives are continuously metered according to the required mass balance to keep the copolymer composition constant over time at steady state. 

Figure 4.2 Final products obtained by processing the recycled silicone rubber from composite insulators in electric wires (a) elastic coupling part, (b) coupling part, (c) platan disc, and (d) insulator element— made of 60% silicone rabber recycled powder and 40% silicone rabber latex.

Recycled plastic is finding use as a wood replacement product. It does not splinter, rot or warp like conventional wood. It does not require preservation treatments and its lifetime can exceed over 50 years. There are now a number of plastic lumber type products available ranging from those made of entirely of one material, generally HOPE, to mixtures of plastic, wood, rubber and other materials. A number of factors are pushing the use of plastic lumbeg especially in the USA where alternatives to hardwood lumber have appeal on environmental grounds. The market in the USA is estimated to amount to 10 billion [3] and the industry is expanding rapidly. 

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