Ecological problems

The suggestion frequentiy is made that substitution of organic fertilizers, namely manures and composts, for chemical fertilizers would be of ecological benefit. The reaUty is, however, that the supply and logistics of such materials could never be adequate for the present-day level of agriculture. Furthermore, iatensive appHcation of such materials to the soil would itself present ecological problems, such as mn-off pollution and steady buildup of toxic heavy metals. 

J. E. Potts and co-workers. Polymers and Ecological Problems, Plenum Press, New York, 1973 EPA Contract, CPE-70-124 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., 1972. 

Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Ecological Problems 61166, Kharkiv, Bakulina str, 6 e-mail vasyuki niiep.kharkov.ua... 

SCTB Phisico-Chemical Institute of Ukraine Academy of Science 65011 Ukraine, Odessa, Pushkinskaya str 37, sctb farlep.net Institute of ecological problem of Ukraine Ministry of Nature 61166, Ukraine, Kharkov, Bakulin str 6... 

Ukrainian Scientific Research Institute of Ecological Problems, Kharkov... 

Whilst solving some ecological problems of metals micro quantity determination in food products and water physicochemical and physical methods of analysis are employed. Standard mixture models (CO) are necessary for their implementation. The most interesting COs are the ones suitable for graduation and accuracy control in several analysis methods. Therefore the formation of poly functional COs is one of the most contemporary problems of modern analytical chemistry. The organic metal complexes are the most prospective class of CO-based initial substances where P-diketonates are the most appealing. 

The flocculation activity of polymers increases with increasing molecular weight. Linear macromolecules are better flocculents than branched ones with the same total molecular weight. In the future the largest growth of polymer applications is expected to be in waste and water treatment, because of ecological problems. 

Because of these advantages, polarography became very popular immediately after its inception in 1922. For the development of this method, Heyrovsky was awarded a Nobel prize in 1959. Over the period from 1922 to 1960, several tens of thousands of papers concerned with the use and improvement of polarography were published. However, interest in this method declined markedly in the 1960s, due primarily to a drastic increase in the requirements to be met by methods of chemical analysis. With the production of new superpure materials and increasing awareness for ecological problems, it became necessary to develop much more sensitive methods of analysis able to detect the different impurities down to a level of 10 M. 

Experiences of this type are the basis of the DPSIR ( driving forces - pressure -state - impact - response ) approach (Fig. 1), which has been introduced in environmental policy as a link between ecological problems and economic and social responses [43]. 

With arrival in Ukraine market economy it is possible to mark that many ecological problems both at the regional level, and at level of our country, were intensifyed. We have not while systematized analytical data about the change of concentrations of harmful matters in the water, air, soil, but of indirect indexes put a number on one s guard. 

The process is recommended either as a solution for the ecological problems involved with accumulation of animal wastes as well as profitable recycling of this waste. 

PVCs are currently handicapped by the ecological problems associated with chlorine and also with some of the plasticizers for the flexible products. 

PVC-C is currently handicapped by the ecological problems concerned with chlorine, the limited number of producers, the cost, the attack by aromatic or chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as by esters and ketones, the impact sensitivity which increases as the temperature decreases, a high density, the fume toxicity and corrosivity in the event of fire. 

TPE/PVCs are handicapped by the ecological problems involved with chlorine and possibly with some plasticizers a lower elasticity than conventional rubbers, the more so as the hardness increases certain risks of creep, relaxation and permanent set, the more so the higher the temperature rises higher cost than TPOs aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbon behaviour limited thermal behaviour density fume toxicity and corrosivity in the event of fire tool corrosion risks. 

Lowney, K. S., and J. Best. (1998). Floral entrepreneurs Kudzu as agricultural solution and ecological problem. Sociological Spectrum 18(1) 93-114. 

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