Products from hydrogenolysis

Isomer Distributions in Initial Products from Hydrogenolysis of Methylcyclopentane and from Isomerization of Hexanes over Platinum Catalysts ... 

Other starting materials for adipic acid include butadiene and 1,4-disubsti-tuted-2-butene, which involves dicarbonylation with palladium chloride. Polar, aprotic, and nonbasic solvents are preferred for this reaction to avoid unwanted side products from hydrogenolysis or isomerization. 

NP and an equal amount of CH are the reaction products from hydrogenolysis from an aS intermediate, which must therefore be decreasing with temperature the balance of the CH must be due to multiple bond splitting (M l), which must therefore increase with temperature and the equal amounts of and iC must be from an ocT intermediate, which must undergo a maximum with temperature. 

Foo L Y 1982 Polymeric proanthocyanidins of Photinia glaubrescens, modification of molecular weight and nature of products from hydrogenolysis. Phytochemistry 21 1741-1746... 

The alcoholysis reaction may be carried out either batchwise or continuously by treating the triglyceride with an excess of methanol for 30—60 min in a well-agitated reactor. The reactants are then allowed to settle and the glycerol [56-81-5] is recovered in methanol solution in the lower layer. The sodium methoxide and excess methanol are removed from the methyl ester, which then maybe fed directiy to the hydrogenolysis process. Alternatively, the ester may be distilled to remove unreacted material and other impurities, or fractionated into different cuts. Practionation of either the methyl ester or of the product following hydrogenolysis provides alcohols that have narrow carbon-chain distributions. 

The C2-symmetric epoxide 23 (Scheme 7) reacts smoothly with carbon nucleophiles. For example, treatment of 23 with lithium dimethylcuprate proceeds with inversion of configuration, resulting in the formation of alcohol 28. An important consequence of the C2 symmetry of 23 is that the attack of the organometallic reagent upon either one of the two epoxide carbons produces the same product. After simultaneous hydrogenolysis of the two benzyl ethers in 28, protection of the 1,2-diol as an acetonide ring can be easily achieved by the use of 2,2-dimethoxypropane and camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA). It is necessary to briefly expose the crude product from the latter reaction to methanol and CSA so that the mixed acyclic ketal can be cleaved (see 29—>30). Oxidation of alcohol 30 with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) provides alde-... 

PNNL has a long history studying hydrogenolysis as a means to form value-added products from sugar alcohols including glycerol. In this paper we will report on a subset of this work, focused on rhenium-based multi-metallic catalysts supported on carbon. 

Now, since each respective fraction shows a structural change along with the reaction course, it may be considered at the same time that it contains products from a higher molecular fraction. In other words, for instance i r A2 is produced from coal 2 which changes by hydrogenolysis and at the same time, the residue resultinq from the reaction from Fr Ai to Fr also appears in this fraction. 

Product Distributions from Hydrogenolysis of Propane and n-Hexane over Nickel Film Catalysts ... 

Fig. 14 Hydrogenolysis on metal catalysts product from ring opening reactions of Cl ring contraction compounds and their corresponding research octane number and motor octane number. Adapted from ref. 100.

Fig. ii. Selectivity for ethane production from n-butane hydrogenolysis on iridium as a function of effective particle size. (From R s. HI. 112.) Also shown are data for n-butane hydrogenolysis on supported Ir catalysts The temperature is 47S K in all cases. 

The subscripts denote as follows H, hydrogenolysis i, isomerization C5, C5 cyclization Ar, aromatization ol, olefin formation. Ring opening products from methylcyclopentane are given under 5j. 

The a-substitution product from oxidation of methylbenzenes in acetic acid can be eliminated by electrochemical hydrogenolysis at the cathode. An undivided cell is used and a palladium on carbon catalyst is suspended in the medium. The necessary hydrogen is generated by reduction of protons at the cathode. In this way, the... 

B. Hydrogenolysis of the Phenolic Ether Biphenyl. To a solution of 10 g. (0.032 mole) of the product from Part A in 200 ml. of benzene is added 2 g. of 5% palladium-on-charcoal, and the mixture is shaken with hydrogen in a Parr apparatus at 40 p.s.i. and 35-40° for 8 hours (Note 3). The mixture is filtered, and the insoluble residue is washed with three 100-ml. portions of hot ethanol (Note 4). The filtrates are combined, and the solvent is removed by means of a rotary evaporator at 60° (12 mm.) to leave a solid residue. The product is dissolved in 100 ml. of benzene, and 100 ml. of 10% sodium hydroxide solution is added. The mixture is shaken, and the layers are separated. The aqueous layer is extracted with 100 ml. of benzene, and the original benzene layer is washed with 100 ml. of water (Note 5). The benzene solutions are combined and dried over magnesium sulfate. Removal of the benzene by distillation yields 4.0-4.7 g. (82-96%) of biphenyl as a white powder, m.p. 68-70° (Note 6). The infrared spectrum is identical with that of an authentic sample, and a purity of at least 99.5% was indicated by gas chromatography analysis. 

Esters and acids from simple carbonylation reactions Alcohols, ethers and esters with higher homologous alkyl groups. Hydrocarbons from hydrogenolysis of the alcohol and its homologs. Ethers from dehydration of the substrate. Esters of the reagent alcohol. s)oiefins from dehydration of the alcohols. Isomeric alcohols. Isomer products (linear/branched 50/50 - 60/40). Only 2-methyl butanol Dimers and trimers of i-butene. 

The presence of a quaternary carbon atom at the 4 position of the piperidine in the form of a spiro substituent seems to enhance potency. The starting piperidin is the product from the formal additon of cyanide and aniline to the 4 position of A-benzyl-4-piperidone (see Chapter 7 [28-3] for preparation). Reaction of that with formamide serves to form the spiro-imidazoline ring (21-4). The benzyl protecting group is then removed by hydrogenolysis over palladium to give the secondary... 

The dehydrocyclization activity of rhodium-alumina is lower than that of platinum-alumina. Hydrogenolysis predominates over all the other reactions with this catalyst (57). The effect of temperature on the anthracene/phenanthrene ratio in the product from 2- -butylnaphthalene is the same over iridium-alumina catalyst as that observed over platinum-alumina more phenanthrene and less anthracene are formed at high temperatures (58). 

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