Anthracene phenanthrene

Benzene, toluene, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl. Aromatic hydrocarbons with unsaturated side-chains. Styrene, stilbene. 

This cyclization also gives good results in the case of derivatives of naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and other aromatic substrates [76]... 

The chloromethylation can be generally employed in aromatic chemistry benzene, naphthaline, anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyls and many derivatives thereof are appropriate substrates. The benzylic chlorides thus obtained can be further transformed, for example to aromatic aldehydes. Ketones like benzophe-none are not reactive enough. In contrast phenols are so reactive that polymeric products are obtained. ... 

An interesting reaction of dimsyl anion 88 is the methylation of polyaromatic compounds. Thus naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, acridine, quinoline, isoquinoline and phenanthridine were regiospecifically methylated upon treatment with potassium t-butoxide and DMSO in digyme or with sodium hydride in DMSO123-125. Since ca. 50% of D was found to remain in the monomethyl derivative 93 derived from 9-deuteriophenanthrene 92, the mechanistic route shown in Scheme 2 was suggested125. 

In fused ring systems, the positions are not equivalent and there is usually a preferred orientation even in the unsubstituted hydrocarbon. The preferred positions may often by predicted as for benzene rings. Thus it is possible to draw more canonical forms for the arenium ion when naphthalene is attacked at the a position than when it is attacked at the p position, and the a position is the preferred site of attack,though, as previously mentioned (p. 682), the isomer formed by substitution at the p position is thermodynamically more stable and is the product if the reaction is reversible and equilibrium is reached. Because of the more extensive delocalization of charges in the corresponding arenium ions, naphthalene is more reactive than benzene and substitution is faster at both positions. Similarly, anthracene, phenanthrene, and other fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also substituted faster than benzene. 

The latter reagent also methylates certain heterocyclic compounds (e.g., quinoline) and certain fused aromatic compounds (e.g., anthracene, phenanthrene). The reactions with the sulfur carbanions are especially useful, since none of these substrates can be methylated by the Friedel-Crafts procedure (11-12). It has been reported that aromatic nitro compounds can also be alkylated, not only with methyl but with other alkyl and substituted alkyl groups as well, in ortho and para positions, by treatment with an alkyllithium compound (or, with lower yields, a Grignard reagent), followed by an oxidizing agent such as Bra or DDQ (P- 1511). 

Although a number of white-rot fungi have been examined and shown to degrade PAHs (Field et al. 1992), greatest attention has probably been directed to Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to the PAHs anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene that will be used to illustrate the cardinal principles. A substantial fraction of PAHs may also be sorbed to the biomass—40% for phenanthrene and 22% for benzo[a]pyrene (Barclay et al. 1995). The degree of mineralization of PAHs by white-rot fungi may sometimes be quite low, for example, for Pleurotus ostreatus, yields were 3.0, 0.44, 0.19, and 0.19% for phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorene, and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively (Bezalel et al. 1996a). 

Type 61b of the intensely colored quinocyclopropenes is represented by the di-cyanomethylene species 115 and 118 of p- and o-quinonoid structure. In addition to the systems 115,119, and 122 reported by Gompper1001 a series of o- and p-quino-cyclopropenes in the benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and fluorene series (718-125) were prepared75) carrying the bis-(p-anisyl)-cyclopropenyl residue, which brings about a better stabilization of the cyclopropenium moiety101 ... 

Nelson, O.A., Senseman, C.E. (1922) Vapor pressure determinations on naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and anthraquinone between their melting and boiling points. Ind. Eng. Chem. 14, 58-62. 

Kobayashi et al. [91] recently synthesized a phase that is comprised of thiol-modified gold-coated polystyrene particles. An increase in the selectivity of the anthracene-phenanthrene pair was observed on the Cis-Au particle when compared with a traditional monomeric Cis phase with a surface coverage of 3.0 p,mol/m. This isomer pair is not the ideal choice for the determination of shape selectivity however, this synthetic technique should in general lead to dense, ordered phases that are anticipated to yield relatively highly shape-selective chromatographic separations. 

H and C NMR spectra were applied to elucidate the electronic structure of the dianions in the dilithium arene compounds formed with anthracene, phenanthrene and 1,2,3,4-dibenzocyclooctatetraene (115). Although the three dianions have 16- 7r isoelec-tronic systems, the former two differ due to their charge distributiou, and 115 due to the steric strain in the cyclooctane ring, interfering with a coplanar configuration... 

In a different study, anthracene, phenanthrene, perylene 93 (Fig. 31), and 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene underwent regioselective oxidative-substitution reactions with iodine(III) sulfonate reagents in dichloromethane to give the corresponding aryl sulfonate esters. The use of [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, in conjunction with trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate, led to thiocyanation of the PAH nucleus. 

Sodium reacts with naphthalene in dimethyl ether to form a dark green reactive complex. This addition product, naphtalenesodium, CioHsNa, is stabilized by solvation with ether. Anthracene, phenanthrene, biphenyl, and many other aromatics form similar complexes with sodium in the presence of methylethyl ether, tetrahyrofuran, dioxane, and other ethers. 

One starts with the IUPAC preferred name (sometimes referred to as the trivial name ) used for certain of the simple PAHs, e.g., anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene. More complicated structures are then built up by the addition of, for example, benzo, dibenzo, or naphtho groups to the skeleton of the simple PAH. 

Chandross, Longworth, and Visco126 have reported the observation of long-wave structureless emission bands in the vicinity of the electrodes during the ac electrolysis of anthracene, phenanthrene, perylene, and 3,4-benzpyrene in polar solvents such as acetonitrile and dimethylformamide the similarity between the perylene band and the crystal fluorescence spectrum prompted the assignment of these bands to excimer fluorescence originating in the process... 

P-Type Delayed Fluorescence anthracene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, pyrene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, and 3 4-benzpyrene. 

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