Production lines system reliability

The use of tracers enables efficient and reliable measurements of oil, gas and water flow in industrial process units and pipe line systems under production conditions thus fundamentally being non-destructive testing methods. Typical problems which can be efficiently assessed by tracer studies include ... 

The data and methods discussed in the previous sections show the power of positron and positronium annihilation methods for the characterization of porous materials and low-k dielectrics in particular. The obvious question is, whether this power can be harnessed for an online diagnostic tool in a semiconductor production line. Such a tool should be reliable, compatible with existing processes, rapid, and not more complex than any other system. 

It is critical to minimize the component manufacturing variations in order to build a reliable PEM fuel cell system. We demonstrated that even within the same commercial MEA sample, the thicknesses of the electrode layers and membrane could vary greatly from one region to another. With the current scale of PEM fuel cell production, commercial-grade fuel cell components often display substantial deviations from their product specifications. Such component manufacturing issues hamper the overall effort toward improving commercial PEM fuel cell system reliability. Without adequate MEA quality control, it is difficnlt to interpret antopsy resnlts and to link apparent membrane/electrode problems of nsed MEAs to a particnlar failnre mechanism. Part of the problem is the lack of a nondestrnctive in-line MEA qnality control method to ensnre batch-to-batch consistency. 

Systems such as the one illustrated in figure 23.2 will also incorporate artificial intelligence. The information from the sensors will be used with fuzzy logic and neural networking to enable decisions by individual controllers based on the input from multiple sensors. Such systems will also incorporate sensor self-testing, self-calibration, and fault correction, resulting in reliable, automated systems applicable to any process or production line. These systems will significantly affect the productivity and profitability of food, chemical, and pharmaceutical production. 

Major corporate decisions are shown as fuzzy gates in the model, implying that teams involved in the PD must collectively decide on the next phases for a product line or product style. The system constraints may vary depending on the type of product line and business model. Some of the examples for these constraints are vendor reliability, raw material availability, customer constraints such as personal consumption expenditures, consumer wants, marketing channels, and available technology. The reader is encouraged to refer to this model to have an in-depth examination of... 

It is a critical issue to have a SOFC power system with natural gas as the fuel. Essentially, we are on the way to commercialization. Both quality and quantity of MEAs/Stacks are the bases of the development of SOFC technology. One small-scale production line of INER s SOFC-MEA is operated in 2012 with yield of near 100%. Meanwhile, reliability and power performance of MEAs are continuously improved further to meet commercial target, i.e., degradation rale less than 0.1%/khr and operating lifetime higher than 40,000 hours. 

Each of the processes (blown film, sheet, tube, etc.) contains secondary equipment applicable to their specific product lines such as computerized fluid chillers and temperature control systems. Equipment has become more energy-efficient, reliable, and cost-effective. The application of microprocessor and computer compatible controls that can communicate within the extruder line results in the more accurate control of the line. 

System is a set of components that work together and form a functional unit. Real systems include technical machines, production lines, computer networks and other devices. In practice, it is often required to model reliability characteristics of such systems. Using models of system availability, system operators are able to assess operational costs, determine how many people are needed to maintain the system, estimate expected yields, etc. 

The reliability of a modern electric power system depends on continuous real-time control of power and energy production, transmission line flows, system frequency, and voltage. This complex task will get more involved in the new environment with increased market participation on both the supply and the demand sides. 

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