Processing facilities active

Generally, recyclables are either coUected at curbside or deposited by consumers at various types of drop-off locations, such as local recycling centers, community service clubs, dealers, and commercial buyback centers. Curbside coUections of recyclables can be accompUshed either in conjunction with the pickup of aU MSW or as a separate activity. Co-coUection systems range from complete commingling of aU waste for later separation at a mixed waste processing facility to transporting essentially source-separated recyclables in the same tmck as MSW. 

Process Safety Management (PSM) A program or activity involving the application of management principles and analytical techniques to ensure the safety of chemical process facilities. Sometimes called process hazard management. Each principle is often termed an element or component of process safety. 

A program or activity involving the application of management principles and analytical techniques to ensure the safety of chemical process facilities... 

Many flame arrester mannfactnrers provide training conrses on inspection and maintenance of flame arresters, either at their facilities or a client s plant. It is recommended that snch conrses be schednled for operating and maintenance personnel. Also, the OSPLA PSM standard, 29 CFR 1910.119 (j)(3), shonld be consnlted for reqnirements for training for process maintenance activities. 

A major consequence of the activities associated with the exploitation of mineral deposits (i.e., exploration, the development of mines and processing facilities, the extraction and concentration, which is also called beneficiation, of ores containing the desired minerals, and the decommissioning or abandonment of mine facilities) is the production of extremely large volumes of unwanted materials. Waste volumes vary from ca. 30% of the mass of the ore in the case of gypsum and other non-metals, to about 50% for base metals to more than 80% for strip-mined... 

Megharaj M, Singleton I, McClure NC. 1998. Effect of pentachlorophenol pollution towards microalgae and microbial activities in soil from a former timber processing facility. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 61 108-115. 

Introduction Priorto September 11, 2001, known as 9/11, chemical process safety activities primarily focused on accidental release risks and excluded most considerations of intentional releases. Security was provided mostly for lesser threats than such extreme acts of violence, and terrorism was generally not provided for except in high-security areas of the world. Exceptions to this included general concerns for sabotage. This was due to a perception that these risks were managed adequately, and that the threat of a terrorist attack, particularly on U.S. chemical manufacturing facilities or transportation system, was remote. 

All fixed fire suppression system control valves should be located out of the fire hazard area but still within reach of manual activation. For high hazard areas (such as offshore facilities), dual feeds to fire suppression systems should be considered from opposite areas. For onshore facilities, firewater isolation valve handles should not be contained within a valve pit or a below grade enclosure within the vicinity of hydrocarbon process facilities, since heavy process vapors travel from the process and may settle inside. 

Sulfur and carbon monoxide can be killers (literally) with hydrogenation catalysts. It will poison them, making them completely ineffective. Some sulfur often shows up in the benzene feed, carbon monoxide in the hydrogen feed. The alternatives to protect the catalyst are either to pretreat the feed and/or the hydrogen or to use a sulfur resistant catalyst metal like tin, titanium, or molybdenum. The economic trade-offs are additional processing facilities and operating costs vs. catalyst expense, activity, and replacement frequency. The downtime consequences of catalyst replacement usually warrarit the more expensive treatment facilities. 

Operating, maintaining, repairing, and modifying a typical process facility frequently involves activities that produce sparks or use flame. The portability of spark and flame producing equipment and its inappropriate or careless use in areas not specifically designed for its safe use can increase the likelihood of a fire. 

Since control rooms are normally constantly manned, it is considered unlikely that a fire could progress undetected to a hazardous size. Fixed fire protection systems, whether manually or automatically activated, are seldom installed in control rooms of processing facilities, mainly due to the fact that they are normally constantly manned. As such, it is considered unlikely that any fire that does occur would progress undetected to a size that cannot be extinguished by manual intervention (fire extinguishers, hose reel, etc.). 

Hazard Evaluation—The analysis of the significance of hazardous situations associated with a process or activity. It uses qualitative techniques to pinpoint weaknesses in the design and operation of facilities that could lead to accidents. 

Finally, QA is the effort taken to ensure compliance with government regulations for the systems, facilities, and personnel involved with manufacturing products. Quality assurance audits will be quite varied in scope to achieve this assurance. These responsibilities include batch record reviews, critiques of product design, process validation activity, and, possibly audits of other departments operations. 

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