Processed carboxymethyl cellulose

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [9004-32-4] (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose [9004-62-0] (HEC) are the ceUulosics most widely used in drilling fluids (43). CMC is manufactured by carboxymethylation of cellulose which changes the water-insoluble cellulose into the water-soluble CMC (44). Hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC) are made by a similar process. The viscosity grade of the material is determined by the degree of substitution and the molecular weight of the finished product. 

Whey protein concentrates (WPC), which are relatively new forms of milk protein products available for emulsification uses, have also been studied (4,28,29). WPC products prepared by gel filtration, ultrafiltration, metaphosphate precipitation and carboxymethyl cellulose precipitation all exhibited inferior emulsification properties compared to caseinate, both in model systems and in a simulated whipped topping formulation (2. However, additional work is proceeding on this topic and it is expected that WPC will be found to be capable of providing reasonable functionality in the emulsification area, especially if proper processing conditions are followed to minimize protein denaturation during their production. Such adverse effects on the functionality of WPC are undoubtedly due to their Irreversible interaction during heating processes which impair their ability to dissociate and unfold at the emulsion interface in order to function as an emulsifier (22). 

A. Schumpe, W.D. Deckwer, Gas holdups, specific interfacial areas, and mass transfer coefficients of aerated carboxymethyl cellulose solutions in a bubble column, I EC Process Des. Develop. 21 (1982) 706-711. 

This process involves only one polymer (e.g., gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose), and the phase separation can be induced by conditions that result in desolvation (or dehydration) of the polymer phase. These conditions include addition of a water-miscible non-solvent, such as ethanol, acetone, dioxane, isopropanol, or propanol,addition of inorganic salts, such as sodium sulfate,and temperature change. ... 

Concentrated KOH aqueous solution (35-52%) is used for the electrolyte of the alkaline Zn/Mn02 cell. Certain amount of ZnO is usually added into the electrolyte to suppress gassing process.l " The electrolyte can be immobilized or gelled with addition of polymer materials, such as carboxymethyl cellulose. The major advantage of this electrolyte is that it has a high ionic conductivity, which helps improve battery rate... 

Table Vll shows how the process used to manufacture lead azide, or the consequent product, significantly affects the quantity required to initiate a standard secondary explosive, RDX, in the stab-sensitive detonator (Figure la). Dextrinated lead azide has a lower output because it is less compressible and has more diluent namely, 8.5% dextrin compared to the 3.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) [34] in RD 1333, 2% polyvinyl alcohol in PVA lead azide, and no binder in Service lead azide (see Chapters 1 and 2). This situation is shown quantitatively in Table VII, which shows the minimum charge weights of each...

In this report, focusing to carboxymethyl chitin/chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose, we studied the reactivity of water radiolysis products with polymer chains using the pulse radiolysis method as the first step to clarify early gelation process of polymer radicals related to crosslinking. 

Emulsification is the most important act of the washing process. To prevent secondary soil deposition, formation of a coalescence-stable low-concentration emulsion is needed. As it is shown above (see section 6.4), the formation of such an emulsion is possible under real conditions considering the surfactant concentration in the washing solution and hydrodynamic conditions of the soil deposition process. As far as solid soils are concerned, the process of dispersion of particles is important here. To prevent their re-deposition on the surface washed, water-soluble polymers are used, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose. Effective dispersion agents are also inorganic salts, e.g. alkali metal silicates. 

Blinders are chemicals, usually polymers, which are used to adsorb onto undesired mineral components that would otherwise adsorb collectors. An example is the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to potash slurry. The CMC adsorbs onto insoluble minerals, preventing amine collector from being adsorbed and preventing flotation of the undesired minerals. This process is termed blinding. 

For strength properties, it was found that (Table 7.19] using carboxymethyl cellulose-copper complexes [CMC-Cu(II)] as paper additive enhanced the strength properties of wood pulp-paper sheet, and depended on the anion of the copper salt used and the pH value during the preparation process. The best polymer complex was that produced from using copper sulfate as the origin of copper ion at pH 5.4. 

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