Gassing process

Concentrated KOH aqueous solution (35-52%) is used for the electrolyte of the alkaline Zn/Mn02 cell. Certain amount of ZnO is usually added into the electrolyte to suppress gassing process.l " The electrolyte can be immobilized or gelled with addition of polymer materials, such as carboxymethyl cellulose. The major advantage of this electrolyte is that it has a high ionic conductivity, which helps improve battery rate... 

The target quantity of the gassing process is the absorption rate in the gas/liquid (G/L) system. It is directly proportional to the interfacial area between the gas phase and the liquid phase. The limiting factor is the diffusion of the dissolved gas through the liquid-side of the boundary layer, which can only be affected by its thickness to a limited extent. A substantial intensification of mass transfer is only possible by increasing the G/L interfacial area gas sparging by means of stirrers, nozzles, sintered or perforated plates etc. should therefore effect a dispersion of the gas into fine bubbles. 

This has been used to speed up the off-gassing process when ozone has been used as an air-cleaning agent for odor removal. 

Formulae of this sort are necessary for calculations involving in-gassing or out-gassing processes, carburization or decarburization processes, and decomposition processes in solid lamellar bodies or plates. 

The effect of gassing is then snperimposed by adding a component that simulates the gassing process in the form of the Tafel eqnation ... 

In Py-GC/MS the ability to analyze such small quantities of material, importantly allows degradation and off-gassing processes to be studied in a non-diffusion-limited regime. This feature is in contrcist to the limitations of bulk thermal analysis techniques. The Py-GC/MS is typically employed in a rapid bcdhstic mode (40-1200°C, 500-1000°C/min) providing hi-fidehty, in-depth chemiccil speciation data from the degradation of complex orgcuiic materials such as silicones. 

If the charging process continues after all the lead sulphate has been used up, then the charging voltage rises. Hydrogen is liberated from the lead electrode, and oxygen is liberated from the lead dioxide electrode. The accumulator is then said to be gassing . 

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate. Precipitated calcium carbonate can be produced by several methods but only the carbonation process is commercially used in the United States. Limestone is calcined in a kiln to obtain carbon dioxide and quicklime. The quicklime is mixed with water to produce a milk-of-lime. Dry hydrated lime can also be used as a feedstock. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through the milk-of-lime in a reactor known as a carbonator. Gassing continues until the calcium hydroxide has been converted to the carbonate. The end point can be monitored chemically or by pH measurements. Reaction conditions determine the type of crystal, the size of particles, and the size distribution produced. 

Off-gassing of materials The liberation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other gases from building products or from a manufacturing process. 

Carbon dioxide-silica process. Sand is mixed with sodium silicate (3.0 to 3.5% of sand volume), and the mixture is blown or hand-rammed into a core box or around a pattern. Carbon dioxide gas is passed through the compacted sand to harden the binder. The bonding strength eliminates the need for drying or baking the mold and metal can be poured into the mold immediately. Over-gassing should be avoided because it makes the mixture friable. 

The transfer hydrogenation methods described above are sufficient to carry out laboratory-scale studies, but it is unlikely that a direct scale-up of these processes would result in identical yields and selectivities. This is because the reaction mixtures are biphasic liquid, gas. The gas which is distilled off is acetone from the IPA system, and carbon dioxide from the TEAF system. The rate of gas disengagement is related to the superficial surface area. As the process is scaled-up, or the height of the liquid increases, the ratio of surface area to volume decreases. In order to improve de-gassing, parameters such as stirring rates, reactor design and temperature are important, and these will be discussed along with other factors found important in process scale-up. 

It was determined by us at the attempts to describe the gasses dissolving processes into liquids with the use of the equation (5) that to obtain of satisfactory results the Koppell Palm .s equation should be expanded by fifth term, which takes into account the density of the... 

---