Process intensification industries

Stankiewicz, A. and Moulijn, J.A. (2002) Process intensification. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 41, 1920. 

Criscuoli A., Drioli E. 2007. New metrics for evaluating the performance of membrane operations in the logic of process intensification. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 46 2268-2271. 

USP-grade anhydrous magnesium carbonate is used as a flavor impression intensification vehicle in the processed food industry (see Flavors and spices). Basic magnesium carbonates are used as free flowing agents in the manufacture of table salt, as a hulking agent in powder and tablet pharmaceutical formulations, as an antacid, and in a variety of personal care products (see Pharmaceuticals). 

Dalglish, J., Jachuck, R.J., and Ramshaw, C. (1999) Photo-initiated polymerization using spinning disc reactor, in Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry (ed. A. Green), Professional Engineering Publishing, Ltd, Bury St. Edmunds, pp. 209-215. 

Stankiewicz, A. I., Reactive separations for process intensification an industrial perspective, Chem. Eng. Proc. 42 (2003) 137-144. 

Phillips, C. H., Development of a novel compact chemical reactor-heat exchanger, in Green, A. (Ed.), Proc. of 3rd Int. Conf on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry, BHR Group Conference Series, Vol. 38, pp. 71-87, Professional Engineering Publishing (1999). 

Jahnisch, K., Ehrich, H., Linke, D., Baerns, M., Hessel, V, Morgen-scHWEis, K., Selective gas/liquid-reactions in microreactors, in Proceedings of tfie Inten. Conference on Process Intensification for tfie Cfiemical Industry (13-15 October 2002), Maastricht, The Netherlands. 

Wehle, D. (2005) Micro-Process Technology Dynamically Enables Process Intensification. Chemical and Industrial Digest, 18( 12), 51-55. 

Microreactors evolved from the process intensification concepts and microfabrication techniques developed for the microelectronics industry. Process intensification was pioneered in the 1970s, arguably by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) researcher Colin Ramshaw, who began developing technologies and approaches that considerably reduced the physical size of unit operations while maintaining their... 

H. van den Berg, Process Technology Solutions, in Better Processes for Better Products, Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry, Brugge, ed. M. Gough, BHR Group Etd, Cranfield, 2001. 

Process intensification also offers substantial improvements to those sectors of the chemical industry in which time to market plays a crucial role, e.g., the fine chemical and pharmaceutical sectors. Ramshaw (35) discussed how process intensification could shorten the time to market in case of a low-tonnage pharmaceutical process. The idea consists in developing a continuous lab-scale process and using it directly as the commercial-scale process. One must not forget that liquid flow of only 1 milliliter per second means, in continuous operation, circa 30 tons per year, which is quite a reasonable capacity for many pharmaceuticals. 

More and more chemical companies do recognize the fact that their image, their reputation, plays a very important role in successful business. A proper image of the company is necessary to ensure public support for its activities. A study done in the United States showed that only the tobacco industry and the nuclear energy sector had a worse reputation than the chemical industry. The situation in Europe is probably not very much different. On the other hand, process intensification, deeply anchored in the philosophy of sustainable development, in safe and environmentally friendly processing, presents perhaps the simplest, the most obvious key to the improved image of the chemical industry. 

A number of other methods, not falling within any of the earlier-mentioned categories, may prove useful for process intensification. Some of them, such as supercritical fluids, are already known and have been applied in other industries (104,105). Because of their unique properties, especially the high diffusion coefficient, supercritical fluids are attractive media for mass transfer operations,... 

Ramshaw C, ed. 1st International Conference on Process Intensification for the Chemical Industry, Antwerp, Belgium, Dec 6-8, 1995. BHR Group Conference Series, Publication No. 18. London Mechanical Engineering Publications Limited, 1995. 

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