Capsules, adhesivity

EHL3 Polyamidoamine 0.95 0.2 - 0,5 1 0.65 3-4hrs Castings, capsulation adhesives... 

A majority of the fasteners used in automobiles in the United States are coated with microcapsules loaded with an adhesive. When the fastener is installed, a fraction of the capsules in the coating mpture releasing the adhesive payload. The adhesive essentially glues the fasteners in place preventing them from becoming loose and causing rattles. The capsules are designed so that only a fraction of them break each time a fastener is taken off and put back. The on/off cycle can be repeated three or four times. 

Capsule formulations usually require lubricants just as do tablet formulations. Lubricants ease the ejection of plugs, reduce filming on pistons and adhesion of powder to metal surfaces, and reduce friction between sliding surfaces in contact with powder. The same lubricants are used in both tablet and capsule formulations. 

SB Tan, JM Newton. Influence of capsule dosator wall texture and powder properties on the angle of wall friction and powder-wall adhesion. Int J Pharm 64 227-234, 1990. 

Besides its use in foods, candies, photograph ic.films, adhesives, gelatin capsules... 

Other bacterial coats. Archaebacteria not only have unusual plasma membranes that contain phytanyl and diphytanyl groups (Section A,3)608 but also have special surface layers (S-Iayers) that may consist of many copies of a single protein that is anchored in the cell membrane.609 The surface protein of the hypothermic Staphylothermus marius consists of a complex structure formed from a tetramer of 92-kDa rods with an equal number of 85-kDa "arms."610 611 S-layers are often formed not only by archaebacteria but also by eubacteria of several types and with quite varied structures.612 14 While many bacteria carry adhesins on pili, in others these adhesive proteins are also components of surface layers.615 Additional sheaths, capsules, or slime layers, often composed of dextrans (Chapter 4) and other carbohydrates, surround some bacteria. 

Drug Iodine Principal Indication(s) Adhesive capsulitis and other soft-tissue adhesions microbial infections Treatment Rationale Iodine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, hence its use in infections, etc. the scle-rolytic actions of iodine are not fully understood Iontophoresis 5°/o-10°/o solution or ointment from negative pole Phonophoresis 10% ointment... 

For the capsule measurements, glass substrates coated with polyethyleneimine were used on which the PSS-terminated capsules showed adhesion. The capsule force deformation characteristics of individual capsules were obtained by placing a capsule under the colloidal probe and pressing onto it. Special care was taken to press onto the pole of the capsule as described in more detail in [13]. Reference curves on hard substrates were obtained before and after the experiments to determine the inverse optical lever sensitivity (InvoLS) and to derive the absolute deformation of the capsules. In rare cases when the InvoLS was found to change during the measurement, the measured data was discarded. 

Amines have also been microencapsulated within small cellulosic or polyelectrolyte capsules. This is a method for keeping the amine separate from the epoxy resin during storage. When the user decides to initiate cure, the capsules are broken, usually in the application process, and the amine is free to react with the epoxy resin. A successful example of this type of product is an epoxy adhesive that can be preapplied to machine screw threads. When the screw is ultimately threaded into place, the shearing action causes the capsule to break. Bond strengths are generally low for this type of adhesive, but this may not be important in certain applications. 

In these, the female s sex pheromone is emitted from a scent capsule and lures the male lepidoptera into an adhesive-coated wrap-around carton. 

Watanabe, M., Tanaka, S., Ono, M., Hamamoto, S., Nagaki, M., Uchlda, Y., Akagi, S., Kinoshita, Y. Laparoscopic observations of hepatic capsular abnormalities non-postoperative adhesions and hepatic capsules thickening. Gastrointest. Endosc. 1999 50 664-666... 

Fig. 37.30 Laparoscopic staging Melanotic and non-melanotic metastases of melanoma (right liver lobe with transition to right abdominal peritoneum liver capsule/peritoneal adhesions)...

Powder formulations for capsule filling must have good flow properties, be non-adhesive, and be cohesive enough to form plugs at low-compression forces. In addition, they must be stable and release the active ingredient in the desired manner. There is an interaction between the formulation, the filling machine, and the empty capsules, and to devise formulations logically, these need to be understood. 

Pharmacopeias require that hard capsules be tested in the same apparatus as tablets even though they have very different physical properties. Filled capsules contain entrapped air, and most formulations will float on water. Devices are required to ensure that they sink, and these can influence the results obtained. Gelatin and hypromellose are adhesive materials and tend to block wire meshes that form part of the standard equipment. The way in which capsules disintegrate and dissolve is dependent upon several factors such... 

Certain excipients that are added to formulations to improve filling-machine performance can have an adverse effect on release,because they are hydrophobic in nature. This is true of lubricants, which are added to formulations to prevent adhesion and to improve flow. The most used excipient in capsule formulations in... 

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