Primary responsibility role

Although ACh does not have a primary excitatory role like glutamate in the CNS, it does increase neuronal excitability and responsiveness, through activation of muscarinic receptors. It achieves this in two ways, both of which involve closure of K+ charmels (see Chapter 2 and Brown 1983 Brown et al. 1996). The first is a voltage-dependent K+ conductance called the M conductance, Gm or Im. It is activated by any... 

Section 13 of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 created an Office of Dietary Supplements as part of the National Institutes of Health. The office was given two primary responsibilities (1) to explore more fully the potential role of dietary supplements as a significant part of the efforts of the United States to improve health care and (2) to promote scientific study of the benefits of dietary supplements in maintaining health and preventing chronic disease and other health-related conditions. 

In the last decade, numerous new techniques have been developed for the detection and quantitation of immune complex material in tissue and biological fluids. In many respects, clinical studies using these techniques have substantiated the primary pathogenic role of immune complexes in a variety of human diseases. At the same time, these studies have reaffirmed the notion that immune complexes occur frequently in the course of an immune response or as an epiphenomenon unrelated to pathogenesis, and that, despite the presence of immune complexes, typical clinical manifestations of immune complex disease may be an unusual event. 

Secreted antibody, in particular IgG, IgA and IgM, can bind antigen and sterically hinder the interaction of toxins, viruses, bacteria, etc. with host cell surfaces. In the circulatory and interstitial fluids IgG (which exists as a monomer with an antigen valency of 2) is the main antibody that fulfils this role in the secondary response, while IgM is the main antibody produced in the primary response. IgA has specific roles in mucosal immunity. 

Gender, the socially constructed roles and characteristics assigned to women and men in a specific culture, plays a key role in people s access to, use of and control over biodiversity (Howard, 2003). This is especially relevant in the case of medicinal plants, as in numerous societies, women have primary responsibility for health care at the household level. Literature shows that, worldwide, it is mainly women who are wild plant gatherers and managers, home gardeners and plant domesticators, herbalists and healers, as well as seed custodians (Howard-Borjas, 2002, Howard, 2003). 

The lead government department responsible for the development of the NAP was the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), which has primary responsibility for the development of UK environmental policy. Alongside Defra, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) also took a major role, providing the UK s energy-use forecasts, serving as a liaison with industry, and later taking... 

IgG is involved in secondary response, placental transfer, and complement fixation. IgA is important for the immune response in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, body surfaces, colostrum, and isohemagglutinins. IgM is produced in primary response and in response to T-independent antigens. IgM is also a powerful agglutinin and is important for complement fixation. IgD is an early membrane receptor on lymphocytes. IgE plays a role in allergic responses. 

Managerial style is linked with culture, as the latter often defines, implicitly or explicitly, acceptable behaviour for a person with these responsibilities. A distinction commonly made is between managers whose primary responsibilities are operational and those who have more strategic and visionary responsibilities. Kotter (1990) describes these as managerial and leadership roles, respectively, while Bass and Avolio (1990) refer to transactional and transformational leadership. In reality most managers and leaders perform both roles but to differing degrees. 

McMahon, S. B. and Monroe, J. G. (1992). Role of primary response genes in generating cellular responses to growth factors. FASEB J. 6, 2702-2715. 

On many documentary projects, the film s producer and/or director is also the writer (meaning the individual responsible for story and structure, regardless of whether there is also narration), and in that role also writes narration. At other times, a person identified as the writer may be involved in the project through development, production, and editing, and will therefore take primary responsibility for narration. It s also not uncommon for an editor to rough out pieces of narration as he or she works, which will then be polished in collaboration with the film s writer(s). 

---