Primary containers, shipping

Anhydrous HF was first produced commercially in the USA in 1931 and in the UK from about 1942. By 1992 some eighteen countries were each producing at least 3000 tonnes pa with North America accounting for some 330000 tonnes of the estimated annual world production of about 875 000 tormes, A further 205 000 tonnes was used captively for production of AIF3. Price in 1990 was about l.50/kg for the anhydrous acid and somewhat less for 70% acid. The primary suppliers ship HF in tank-cars of 20-91-tonne capacity and the product is also repackaged in steel cylinders holding 8.0-900 kg (2.7-635 kg in the UK). Lecture bottles contain 340 g HF. The 70% acid is shipped in tank-cars of 32-80-tonne capacity, tank trucks of 20-tonne capacity, and in polyethylene-lined drums holding 114 or 208 I,... 

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the real movements of container ships. This type of study is significant for the problem of waiting ships and the creation of a smooth operating system for maritime transportation. This paper analyzes the movement of container ships sailing in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. This ocean area represents a primary traffic route for container transportation particularly for China, Japan, and South Korea. This study utilizes an automatic identification S5rstem (AIS) data, which facilitates exact and quantitative collection of ship navigation data. The AIS data analysis reveals the total operations of container ships. This study represents core research that contributes to securing the safety and efficiency of maritime transportation. 

Pentaerythritol may be nitrated by a batch process at 15.25°C using concentrated nitric acid in a stainless steel vessel equipped with an agitator and cooling coils to keep the reaction temperature at 15—25°C. The PETN is precipitated in a jacketed diluter by adding sufficient water to the solution to reduce the acid concentration to about 30%. The crystals are vacuum filtered and washed with water followed by washes with water containing a small amount of sodium carbonate and then cold water. The water-wet PETN is dissolved in acetone containing a small amount of sodium carbonate at 50°C and reprecipitated with water the yield is about 95%. Impurities include pentaerythritol trinitrate, dipentaerythritol hexanitrate, and tripentaerythritol acetonitrate. Pentaerythritol tetranitrate is shipped wet in water—alcohol in packing similar to that used for primary explosives. 

The cathodes removed from the electrolytic cell are the primary product of the copper producer and contain >99.99% copper. These may be sold to wire-rod mills as cathodes or processed further to a product called rod. In manufacturing rod, cathodes are melted in a shaft furnace and the molten copper is poured onto a casting wheel to form a bar suitable for rolling into a 3/8-in.-diameter continuous rod. This rod product is shipped to wire mills, where it is extruded into various sizes of copper wire. 

The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, passed in 1975, is the primary law governing transportation of chemicals and hazardous materials. The act includes a comprehensive assessment of the regulations, information systems, container safety, and training for emergency response and enforcement. The regulations apply to any person who transports, or causes to be transported or shipped, a hazardous material or who manufactures, fabricates, marks, maintains, reconditions, repairs, or tests a package or container which is represented, marked, certified, or sold by such person for use in the transportation in commerce of certain hazardous materials. ... 

To harden concentrates of low-active LRW through introducing them into non-organic binding materials, Mobile Cementing Facility (MCF-S) is used (see Fig. 5). In MCF-S (see specifications in Table 2) the process of preparing cement compound is carried out inside the primary package (200-1 metal container) with built-in mixer. Next waste is shipped and disposed in the same container. 

UN identification number is 1045. The NFPA 704 designation is health 4, flammability 0, and reactivity 4. The white section at the bottom of the diamond contains a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity. Because of the strong reactivity with other materials, it is shipped in special steel containers. The primary uses are in the production of metallic and other fluorides, fluorocarbons, fluoridation of drinking water, and in toothpaste. 

ERCOM runs a mobile shredder unit that will visit plants or collection points of member companies to size-reduce scrap parts on site and so reduce transport costs. It then ships the compacted material to a central fractioning plant at Rastatt, Germany where, with a 30 t/day facility, it produces a range of active fillers and fibrous reinforcement material for sale back to SMC producers and other users. Primary SMC products have been developed containing up to 25% recyclate without loss in properties. Several have already been approved by the automotive industry for commercial use and product testing continues as a high priority to demonstrate consistent quality for recyclate material, SMC product, and finished molding. 

Dextrins have many applications, with adhesives being their primary market (11,96). Dextrins are used as adhesives for case and carton sealing. For this application, borax is often added to the dextrin to add stability and increase viscosity. Dextrins are added to adhesives used in the laminating of products such as paperboard and shipping containers. The paper industry adds dextrins in adhesives for tube winding and bag adhesives. Library pastes, bottle label adhesives, envelop adhesives, gummed tape, and wall covering adhesives all benefit fiom dextrin addition. 

---