Prevention of Cancer

There is now considerable evidence that regular aspirin use decreases the risk of colorectal cancer.1,49,58 It has been estimated, for example, that people who use aspirin on a regular basis have a 40 to 50 percent lower risk of fatal colon cancer as compared with people who do not use aspirin.78 Aspirin might also help prevent other types of cancers (e.g., skin, bladder, prostate can- 

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World Cancer Research Fund (1997) Colon, tecXma ,Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer A Global Perspective, 216-51, Washington DC, American Institute for Cancer Research. 

WORLD CANCER RESEARCH FUND (1997) Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer a global perspective. American Institute for Cancer Research, Washington DC, USA. 

MCINTOSH G H (2001) Cereal foods, fibers and the prevention of cancers. Australian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 58 Suppl. 2 S35-S48. 

If the concepts and facts presented in this paper are correct, a major kind of human cancer in many regions of the world, cancer of the stomach, is due to a type of nitroso compound, a nitrosoureido derivative, even though not a nitrosamine It is quite certain that the formation of such compounds can be blocked by vitamin C and vitamin E, as well as by some other substances such as gallates Thus, the primary prevention of cancer caused by nitroso compounds is readily accomplished through an adequate Intake of such harmless inhibitors with every meal from infancy onwards ... 

Rao, A.V. and Agarwal, S., Bioavailability and in vivo antioxidant properties of lycopene from tomato products and their possible role in the prevention of cancer, Nutr. Cancer, 3, 199, 1998. 

Van Poppel, G., Epidemiological evidence for p-carotene in prevention of cancer and cardiovascular disease, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr, 50, 55S, 1996. 

Troll, W. (1991). Prevention of cancer by agents that suppress oxygen radical formation. Free Rad. Res. Commun. 12-13, 751-757. 

Dannenberg AJ, Altorki NK, Boyle JO, et al. Cyclo-oxygenase 2 a pharmacological target for the prevention of cancer. Lancet Oncol 2001 2 544-551. 

Ames BN, Gold LW and Willett WC. 1995. The causes and prevention of cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92(12) 5258—5265. 

The possible role of isoflavonoids in the prevention of cancer and in particular hormone-dependent cancers such as breast and prostate cancer is currently extensively investi-gated. " " In addition, consumption of soy foods rich in isoflavones has been weakly associated with reduced colon cancer. Colon cancer risk is influenced by estrogen exposure although the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, studies with estrogen receptor a (see Section 7.3.3) knockout mice indicate that it may be independent of estrogen receptor... 

Larsson, S. C, Kumlin, M., Ingelman-Sundberg, M., and Wolk, A. (2004). Dietary long-chain n-3 fatty acids for the prevention of cancer A review of potential mechanisms. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 79, 935-945. 

Prevention of Cancer Chemotherapy Drug-Induced Adverse Reaction, Antitumor and Antimetastatic Activities by Natural Products... 

B. N. Ames and L. S. Gold, Environmental Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer Misconceptions, FASEBJ. 11 (1997) 1041-52, and see also Ames and Gold chapter, this volume. 

Because the potential benefits outweigh the possibilities of harm, many experts recommend a daily multivitamin that does not exceed the RDA of it component vitamins. Multivitamins ensure an adequate intake for those vitamins—folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin D—that are most likely to be deficient. However, the the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against the use of supplements of vitamins A, C, or E multivitamins with folic acid or antioxidant combinations for the pre vention of cancer or cardiovascular disease. Most experts recommend against the use of p-carotene supplements, either alone or in combina Don, for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease. 

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