Pretrial

Wish, E.D. Brady, E. Cuadrado, M. and Sears, A. Preliminary findings from the "Drug use as a predictor of pretrial behavior in arrestees" project. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Cincinnati, November, 1984. 

The purpose of a hazardous waste incinerator permit is to allow a new hazardous incinerator to establish conditions including, but not limited to, allowable waste feeds and operating conditions that will ensure adequate protection of human health and the environment. The incinerator permit covers four phases of operation pretrial bum, trial bum, posttrial burn, and final operating conditions. 

The pretrial bum phase of the permit allows the incinerator to achieve a state of operational readiness necessary to conduct the trial burn. The pretrial bum permit conditions are effective for the... 

The pretrial burn phase of the permit allows the BIF to achieve the state of operational readiness necessary to conduct the trial burn. The pretrial burn permit conditions are effective for the minimum time (not to exceed 720 h) required to bring the BIF to a point of operational readiness to conduct a trial bum. This phase is often referred to as the shakedown period. 

Most of such studies have excluded women. In one study of 1272 female pretrial detainees, over 80% met criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder, with substance abuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being the most common (Teplin et al., 1996). Similar results were found in 805 women felons, with high rates of substance abuse, borderline personality disorders, and ASP, compared to respective rates in the community (Jordan et al., 1996). 

Depending on the purpose of a study there are several subtypes of placebo-controlled trials (see Fig. 5.3). One design makes use of a single-blind placebo lead-in period. The purposes of this pretrial period of up to 4 weeks are ... 

Ogilvie, J. (1992, Fall). Drugging for time Medicating the pretrial detainee. The California Prisoner, p. 14. 

Mieczkowski, T., Mumm, R., and Connick, H. F., The use of hair analysis in a pretrial diverson program in New Orleans, Int. J. Offender Then, in press. 

Loewenstein, G, et al. (1993), "Self-serving assessments of fairness and pretrial bargaining," Journal of Legal Studies 22,135-59. 

How antitrust cases may originate how they are developed, the pertinent pretrial and trial procedures of the court, the prosecution, and the defendants how consent decrees are sometimes negotiated and the process of the arrangement of relief where granted, are outlined in the first part of this paper. 

Pretrial Proceedings Before the Court. Under modern rules governing trials, particularly long and complicated ones, certain pretrial proceedings aimed at simplifying the trial are frequently utilized. These will be discussed. 

Pretrial Conferences. The court may, particularly in civil cases, direct the attorneys for the parties concerned to appear before it for pretrial conferences to consider simplification of the issues, the desirability or necessity of amending the pleadings, the possibility of avoiding unnecessary proof by obtaining admissions of fact and of the authenticity of documents, limitation of the number of expert witnesses, and any other matters. In civil cases, the court then issues an order which recites the action taken at the pretrial conferences and limits the issues for trial to those not thereby disposed of and which thus control the subsequent course of the action, unless later modified by the court to prevent mainfest injustice. 

Stipulations. The attorneys for the prosecution and the defendants in an action may agree as to the correctness or authenticity of certain documents or other sets of facts and, when approved by the court, this information may then become a part of the evidence. Such agreements are usually known as stipulations and are not necessarily limited to the pretrial phases of an action but may be agreed upon at most any stage of the trial. 

It is important to remember, as well, that most of the disputes that come to court in the area of risk management have no clearcut scientific solutions. These controversies arise at the frontiers of science where, almost by definition, there are no established or widely accepted answers to scientific questions. Moreover, disputes seldom come to court until they have matured in forums where the technical issues are thoroughly debated scientific advisory committees, administrative hearings, internal or external peer review, and pretrial negotiations. If technical conflicts persist after all these processes are exhausted, the reason very probably is that the matter in controversy cannot be settled by scientists according to purely scientific norms. 

The two former hooters launched a flurry of cases in the early 1990s, but the first one to work its way through the long pretrial process and catch fire involved the bird that had started it all, the Mexican spotted owl. 

Fig. 2. Experimental design and influence of pretrial and posttrial administration of 5 mg/kg PCMG i.p. on the alternation percentages obtained by comparison of choice directions of trial I vs trial II and trial II vs trial III. Trials (black bars) and injections (arrows) are represented on a time scale C, control injection for further details see text. Significantly different from controls (P < 0.05).

Squire, L. R. (1969) Effects of pretrial and posttrial administration of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on spontaneous alternation. J. comp, physiol. Psychol., 69,69-75. 

Once the five subjects were admitted to the study, a 14-day pretrial period was observed. During this time, subjects avoided the use of medicated soaps, lotions, shampoos, deodorants, chlorinated water baths, and ultraviolet light tanning beds, as well as skin contact with solvents, acids, and bases. This regimen permitted stabilization of the normal microbial flora populations on the skin. 

A 7-day baseline period followed the pretrial period. Baseline skin sampling was conducted on days 1, 3, and 5 at both the abdominal and inguinal regions. 

Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to an evaluation segment (five subjects to each of the six test configurations). Subjects underwent a 7-day pretrial restriction period during which they avoided skin contact with products and/or processes known to affect the normal microbial populations of the skin. 

Inhalation Exposure. Inhalation exposure was not directly measured In this study. We quickly found In pretrials that the volunteers were terribly unhappy wearing a respirator. This would confound the naturalness of the study so much as to adversely affect the operation of the major part of the study. Information can be obtained In this area, however, by comparing the face mask with pads located nearby. Shoulder pad exposures were adjusted to the facial mask area and subtracted from the mask exposure on a case by case... 

The EDS-1 was shipped to a United Kingdom testing facility at Porton Down on October 11,1999. Following setup and personnel training, pretrial activities took place in November 1999 to test the explosive accessing methods and the introduction of reagents into the EDS-1. 

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