Present Work

The present work was done with the aim to evaluate the efficiency of the acoustic emission method as a diagnostic tool for analysing a carbon plastic composite and its adhesive joints. The samples of the carbon plastic type UKN-5000 were used in the test. Non-defected samples and samples with artificial defects were tested. 

UTDefect can of course be improved in several ways. The user-friendliness can be increased and this is presently worked on in a project called SUNDT which will give pre- and postprocessors in Windows. Other possible future improvements include the addition of more... 

There are different possibilities to address the above set of equations which can be solved provided 2in > 3i, and provided the measured ToF information varies between measurement points. For the purpose of the present work we have taken two simplifying assumptions (a) one virtual source predominates at each measurement point, m and (b) each virtual source predominates at more than one measurement point. Note that assumption (b) ensures the condition 2m > 3i that is necessary to obtain solutions for Equations (2) and (3). These assumptions are justified by considering the defect surface as an acoustic secondary field source. At each measurement point the transducer predominantly receives signals from an... 

The phases studied in the present work are those of material, Schrodinger waves, rather than of electromagnetic, light waves. Recently, it has been shown... 

In the case of hydrogen molecule, the term (ri l/ r + R ri2), which involves three centers, does not show up in the calculation. We will not discuss this integral in the present work. 

The problem of separadrig the cencer-of-mass motion in a molecular system is an intricate one that has no implications in the present work the interested reader is referred to [40] for details. 

Heterocyclic compounds are normally classified according to the size of the heterocyclic ring and the nature and number of the heteroatoms, and the present work is organized on this basis. 

In order to avoid ambiguity, it was previously recommended that these prefixes be modified when names already preempted for noncyclic compounds would otherwise be generated. The recommendation was that when immediately followed by -in or -ine, phospha- be changed to phosphora , arsa- to arsen- and stiba- to antimon-. This recommendation has been superseded by a suitable change in the stem suffix (see ahead), but is mentioned here because it is still substantially used in modern literature, including other chapters of this present work. 

These are the most recent <8.ipaC4ii )> recommendations. The earlier recommendations [Pg.12]

All of the above aspects of heterocyclic chemistry are mirrored in the contents of the present work. The scale, scope and complexity of the subject, already referred to, with its... 

One of the requirements to initial standards is their stability is at keeping. HMTA in aqueous solutions is declined to hydrolysis. In the present work the stability of aqueous solutions of HMTA towards hydrolysis was investigated as a function of time in a range of temperatures 1-21 °C. 

I have carried out widespread studies on the application of a sensitive and selective preconcentration method for the determination of trace a mounts of nickel by atomic absorption spectrometry. The method is based on soi ption of Cu(II) ions on natural Analcime Zeolit column modified with a new Schiff base 5-((4-hexaoxyphenylazo)-N-(n-hexyl-aminophenyl)) Salicylaldimine and then eluted with O.IM EDTA and determination by EAAS. Various parameters such as the effect of pH, flow rate, type and minimum amount of stripping and the effects of various cationic interferences on the recovery of ions were studied in the present work. 

In the present work low temperature adsoi ption of fluoroform and CO, were used to characterize surface basicity of silica, both pure and exposed to bases. It was found that adsorption of deuterated ammonia results in appearance of a new CH stretching vibration band of adsorbed CHF, with the position typical of strong basic sites, absent on the surface of pure silica. Low-frequency shift of mode of adsorbed CO, supports the conclusion about such basicity induced by the presence of H-bonded bases. 

In the present work we propose a new way of quantitative accounting for the non-selective absoi ption value. The systems considered here contain the sole moleculai form either iodide or chloride of potassium or sodium. 

In the presented work an algorithm for the primary radiation filter optimization has been developed and realized in the Mathcad envelope which provides a minimal detection limit of a critical element both at the given X-ray tube power and at the given maximal acceptable count rate. 

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is widely used for the detection of organic molecules. One of the limitations of the method is a strong matrix background in low-mass (up to 500-700 Da) range. In present work an alternative approach based on the application of rough matrix-less surfaces and known as surface-assisted laser desoi ption/ionization (SALDI), has been applied. 

In frames of the present work the problems of elemental analysis of human bio-substrates (blood semm, hair and bones) are diseussed. Sample pretreatment proeedures using ash and mineral aeids digestion were developed. The main sourees of systematie errors were studied and their elimination ways were suggested. 

In the present work the acid-base surface properties of three Al O samples for a chromatography are investigated acidic (I), basic (II) and neutral (III) ones with the using of heterogeneous titration of their suspensions by HCl and NaOH solutions. To establish the correlations between the acid-base and adsoi ption properties studied Al O the representatives of cationic dyes -diamond green (DG), fuchsine (F) and anionic dyes - eriochrom black T and chromic dark blue have been used. 

Early [1, 2] it was reported about RP-HPLC the separation of amino derivatives of 3-chloro-l,4-naphtoquinone with methanol mobile phase. In some cases changing organic modificator in eluent leads to the progress in effectiveness of sepai ation. In present work the compaiison was performed for separation of some amino derivatives of 3-chloro-I,4-naphtoquinone by RP-HPLC with methanol and acetonitrile eluent. It has been shown that certain differences exist for vaiious derivatives mentioned above. 

In the present work it was studied the dependence of analytical characteristics of the composite SG - polyelectrolyte films obtained by sol-gel technique on the content of non-ionic surfactant in initial sol. Triton X-100 and Tween 20 were examined as surfactants polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), polyvinyl-sulfonic acid (PVSA) or polydimethyl-ammonium chloride (PDMDA) were used as polyelectrolytes. The final films were applied as modificators of glass slides and pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrode surfaces. 

The aim of the present work was optimization of synthesis of SG -polymeric cation exchanger composite films by sol-gel technology in the presence of non-ionic surfactants and their application for detenuination of Zn (II) as phenanthrolinate (Phen) complex. 

In the present work, the synthesis of two MIEPs is described and their application for sensing and separation two xanthene dyes - rhodamine and fluorescein - has been reported. 

In the present work, the technique of XO and MTB immobilization onto silica gel in the form of its complexes with Fe(III) and Bi(III) respectively were found. The acid - base and chemical-analytical characteristics of solid-phase reagents were examined. The optimal conditions of quantitative recovery of Pb(II) and Zn(II) from diluted solutions, such as acidity of aqueous phase, the mass of the sorbents, the volume of solutions and the time of equilibrium reaching, were found. The methods of and F" detenuination were based on a competitive reactions of Zr(IV) with immobilized MTB and or F". Optimal conditions of 0,0 and F" determination in solution using SG, modified ion associates QAS-MTB (pH = 1,5, = 5-10 mol/1). 

The liquid was applied and dried on cellulose filter (diameter 25 mm). In the present work as an analytical signal we took the relative intensity of analytical lines. This approach reduces non-homogeneity and inequality of a probe. Influence of filter type and sample mass on features of the procedure was studied. The dependence of analytical lines intensity from probe mass was linear for most of above listed elements except Ca presented in most types of filter paper. The relative intensities (reduced to one of the analysis element) was constant or dependent from mass was weak in determined limits. This fact allows to exclude mass control in sample pretreatment. For Ca this dependence was non-linear, therefore, it is necessary to correct analytical signal. Analysis of thin layer is characterized by minimal influence of elements hence, the relative intensity explicitly determines the relative concentration. As reference sample we used solid synthetic samples with unlimited lifetime. 

In the present work, heterophase catalymetric method was shown to be suitable for metalloid determination using Selenium as an example. 

It is known that Selenium catalyzes reaction of some dye reduction by Sulphide. On this basis spectrophotometric and test-techniques for Selenium determination are developed. Inefficient reproducibility and low sensitivity are their deficiencies. In the present work, solid-phase reagent on silica gel modified first with quaternary ammonium salt and then by Indigocarmine was proposed for Selenium(IV) test-determination. Optimal conditions for the Selenium determination by method of fixed concentration were found. The detection limit of Se(IV) is 10 ftg/L = 2 ng/sample). Calibration curve is linear in the range 50-400 ftg/L of Se(IV). The proposed method is successfully applied to the Selenium determination in multivitamins and bioadditions. 

The aqueous micellai solutions of some surfactants exhibit the cloud point, or turbidity, phenomenon when the solution is heated or cooled above or below a certain temperature. Then the phase sepai ation into two isotropic liquid phases occurs a concentrated phase containing most of the surfactant and an aqueous phase containing a surfactant concentration close to the critical micellar concentration. The anionic surfactant solutions show this phenomenon in acid media without any temperature modifications. The aim of the present work is to explore the analytical possibilities of acid-induced cloud point extraction in the extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic ai omatic hydrocai bons (PAHs) from water solutions. The combination of extraction, preconcentration and luminescence detection of PAHs in one step under their trace determination in objects mentioned allows to exclude the use of lai ge volumes of expensive, high-purity and toxic organic solvents and replace the known time and solvent consuming procedures by more simple and convenient methods. 

It is well known that arsenic is one of the most dangerous elements in terms of its potential impacts to both to human and ecosystem health. Therefore the problem of As detection at ppb level remains very important from the point of environmental hazard investigation. The goal of the present work is the developing of very simple and inexpensive assay for arsenite and arsenate determination in environmental samples using whole-cell bacterial biosensors. 

For DTB films obtained by CVT inhomogenous distribution of out-of-framework cations and admixture capture ai e obseiwed. The aim of the present work is to use imaging X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (i-XPS) for chemical state mapping which enable future optimization of the CVT technology. The P, O and Hg content in the DTB may be varied during the CVT. 

In the present work it has been shown that on-line coupling of flowthrough fractionation in RCC with ICP-EAS detection enables not only the fast and efficient fractionation of trace elements (TE) in environmental solids to be achieved but allows real-time studies on the leaching process be made. A novel five-step sequential extraction scheme was tested in on-line mode. The optimal conditions for the fractionation were chosen. Investigating elution curves provides important information on the efficiency of the reagents used, the leaching time needed for the separation of each fraction, and the potential mobility of HM forms. 

Professor Sir Brian Pippard gave me the opportunity, in 1993, to prepare a book chapter on the history of the physics of materials for a book. Twentieth Century Physics, that he was editing and which appeared in 1995 this chapter was a useful dry run for the present work. 1 have also found his own contributions to that book a valuable source. 

---