Preparedness defined

For the off-site analysis, the designated laboratories are used. These laboratories have instrumental capability, preparedness, and analytical methods to analyze the samples taken by the inspectors or by the inspected SP representatives. The samples sent (after the agreement of the inspected SP) to the off-site laboratory are coded, and therefore the laboratory receiving the samples will not know their origin. The laboratories are capable of confirming the presence or absence of CWC-related chemicals and other chemicals, but must report only data relevant to the purpose of the analysis as defined by the OPCW. The laboratory s work on the OPCW samples is confidential, which is a normal practice when regarding the work with laboratory s other collaborators and commercial business partners. The work is reported only to the OPCW. 

The facility manager, in cooperation with the Emergency Preparedness Team, assigns people, by their title or function at the facility, to the EMO, with designated alternates for each EMO function. The duties and responsibilities of each EMO function are defined and documented in the ERP. Because there must be a functional EMO in place regardless of when a facility emergency occurs, designated shift personnel take specific EMO responsibilities until the primary members can reach the site. 

Source This information is compiled from Centers tor Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Explosions and blast injuries A primer for clinicians. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved June 16, 2006, from http //www.bt.cdc.gov/masstrauma/explosions.asp and Linsky, R., Miller, A (2005). Types of explosions and explosive injuries defined. In D. C. Keyes, J. L Burstein, R. B. Schwartz, and R. E. Swienton (Eds.), Medical response to terrorism Preparedness and clinical practice (pp. 198-211). New York Lippincott, Williams Wilkins. 

In 2002, President Bush signed the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act to initiate a response to bioterrorism preparedness. Unfortunately, the Act s attention to children was minimal, even with the creation of a National Advisory Committee on Children and Terrorism (NACCT). As defined within the Act, the purpose of the NACCT is to assess and provide recommendations to the Secretary of the... 

For these reasons, high-risk, high vulnerability is the terminology chosen for this discussion, because it is both inclusive and accommodates those individuals and populations whose needs may not be clearly defined during the preparedness phase of the disaster continuum. It should be clear, however, that this choice does not settle the argument, which will continue indefinitely. 

Nurse researchers have much to learn both from the work done historically and more recently by nurses, as well as from interdisciplinary researchers in disaster medicine. Although both highlight the approach and value of retrospective research, by defining the target population as those impacted by the disaster situation, more research can be accomplished with potential for a greater impact in phases of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. From a systems evaluation perspective, it is also critical that nurses be at the forefront in developing the science and planning to be appropriately used in disaster situations. This can start with an active involvement in the process to evaluate the lessons learned from recent disasters such as the terrorist acts of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. 

Finally, there is an opportunity to explore the impact of the provider-client relationship at the community level. In many communities, providers are known— particularly nurses—as neighbors and friends. One example of a community-level research intervention may be to explore ways to use nurses (as providers) in communities as resource persons with linkages to hospitals and other health care delivery agencies in disaster drills. Of course, this again would require some agreement and standards of practice defining the level (s) of competencies in disaster preparedness (which may be the first research question that needs to be explored). 

Preparedness for commercial nuclear power plants includes a system for notifying the public if a problem occurs at a plant. The emergency classification level of the problem is defined by these four categories ... 

Consider the chemical plant example. While the hazard could be defined as death or injury of residents around the plant (the loss event), there may be many factors involved in such a loss that are beyond the control of the plant designers and operators. One example is the atmospheric conditions at the time of the release, such as velocity and direction of the wind. Other factors in a potential accident or loss are the location of humans around the plant and community emergency preparedness, both of which may be under the control of the local or state government. The designers of the chemical plant have a responsibility to provide the information necessary for the design and operation of appropriate emergenq preparedness equipment and procedures, but their primary design responsibility is the part of a potential... 

Different definitions can have different purposes. For instance, OECD (2003) defines a safety performance indicator as a means for measuring the ehanges over time in the level of safety (related to ehemieal aecident prevention, preparedness and response), as the results of actions taken . Skogdalen et al. (2010, p 109) similarly consider a safety performance indicator to be a means for measuring the changes in the level of safety (related to major accidentprevention, preparedness and response), as a result of actions taken . These definitions reflect that they are made for comparisons over time to demonstrate developments as results of actions. Accordingly, they are not made for comparison between countries and they do not give attention to the needs of special users of the indicators. 

By using geospatial data, one can develop useful scenarios to improve the knowledge on the structural vulnerability of the urban built infrastructure. Through the analysis of urban seismic risk for different classes of seismic scenarios, the city stakeholders can create a risk management plan for defining the actions for rehabilitation needs in order to improve the seismic safety of constructions and important infrastructure lifelines, thus improving the institutional response and the preparedness of the population in case of a possible earthquake. 

The objectives of safety design were defined in the sense that outside the plant area no serious health effects were expected as a consequence of a reactor accident within the design basis limit. Nevertheless, the requirements for emergency preparedness readiness were defined to cope more with severe consequences than that expected after a DBA. 

---