Preparation Makes the Presentation

Consider a technology opportunity that might lead to a new business. Assemble a full technology opportunity assessment from previously written pieces. Write an appropriate executive summary, and prepare a 10-minute presentation on the idea for presentation to an group of potential investors. Make the presentation. 

Second, the results displayed in Fig. 1 only partially correspond to the results obtained from the Kohn-Sham equations in [2] and discussed in Sect. 3. In [2] we were careful to restrict the use of the softnesses to extended systems, which we discuss below. In Sect. 3, however, we did not make that restriction, and, in preparation for the present section, we presented our results for the softnesses as though they held for all systems. Now the local KS density of states can be expressed as... 

The a,/3-unsaturated ketone system in 2-cyclopentenone makes possible a wide variety of reactions of the Michael and Diels-Alder type. Thus 2-cyclopentenone is a versatile starting material for preparing compounds containing a five-membered ring. The availability of the dihydroxycyclopentene mixture (p. SO) makes the present procedure the method of choice for its preparation. 

Achieving effective vocabulary, pronunciation, cadence, and emphasis are the third reason to practice out loud. You are less likely to be searching for words or stumble over them because when you actually make the presentation to your audience you will already have given a similar speech two or more times. Many presentations that have been well-prepared in terms of content and organization are less than they could be because the speaker seems to be searching for the right words. This probably reflects the lack of out loud practice, not a lack of substantive content or familiarity with material. Out loud practice also helps you develop an appropriate cadence (rise, fall, rhythm), and emphasis. Musician, Arthur Schnable, said The notes I handle no better than many pianists. But the pauses between the notes ah, that s where the art resides. If you do not practice out loud, you will not have heard how you will use cadence, volume, and flow (Cooper 2004). 

In contrast to alcohols with their nch chemical reactivity ethers (compounds contain mg a C—O—C unit) undergo relatively few chemical reactions As you saw when we discussed Grignard reagents m Chapter 14 and lithium aluminum hydride reduc tions m Chapter 15 this lack of reactivity of ethers makes them valuable as solvents m a number of synthetically important transformations In the present chapter you will learn of the conditions m which an ether linkage acts as a functional group as well as the methods by which ethers are prepared... 

The phases and their proportions present ia hardened amalgam are controlled by many factors. The composition of the alloy the size, shape, and size distribution of the particles the thermal history of the cast ingot and the comminuted alloy and the surface treatment of the particles are some of the factors for which the manufacturer is responsible. The tooth cavity preparation and the mixing, compacting, and finishing techniques of the dentist can make the difference between satisfactory and unsatisfactory restorations, even with the best of alloys. A minimal amount of residual mercury and porosity are needed to obtain the most serviceable restorations (138). 

The only practical method of preparing 1,4-aminonaphthol is from a-naphthol through an azo dye, the nitroso compound not being readily available. The majority of investigators have reduced technical Orange I with stannous chloride Mi.is.is.ir.is by the procedures discussed above, and benzeneazo-a-naphthol has been reduced by the same reagent. In order to make possible the use of crude, technical a-naphthol a method has been developed for the preparation of the benzeneazo compound, its separation from the isomeric dye coming from the d-naphthol present as well as from any disazo compound by extraction with alkali, and the reduction of the azo compound in alkaline solution with sodium hydrosulfite. The process, however, is tedious and yields an impure product. 

Chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropionic acid has been prepared by permanganate oxidation of 3-chloro-2,2,3-trifluoropropanol which is one of the telomerization products of chlorotrifluoroethylene with methanol. The present procedure is a modification of one reported earlier and is undoubtedly the method of choice for making propionic acids containing 2 fluorine atoms, i.e., 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acid, 3,3-dichloro-2,2-difluoropropionic acid, and 3-bromo-2,2,3-trifluoropropionic acid. When preparing 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acid from tetrafluoroethylene, it is desirable to use an additional 50 ml. of acetonitrile and externally applied heat to initiate the reaction. 

The present method for preparing aromatic dicarboxylic acids has been used to convert phthalic or isophthalic acid to tereph-thalic acid (90-95%) 2,2 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid to 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid 3,4-pyrroledicarboxylic acid to 2,5-pyr-roledicarboxylic acid and 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid to 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. A closely related method for preparing aromatic dicarboxylic acids is the thermal disproportionation of the potassium salt of an aromatic monocarboxylic acid to an equimolar mixture of the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbon and the dipotassium salt of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The disproportionation method has been used to convert benzoic acid to terephthalic acid (90-95%) pyridine-carboxylic acids to 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (30-50%) 2-furoic acid to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid 2-thiophenecar-boxylic acid to 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and 2-quinoline-carboxylic acid to 2,4-quinolinedicarboxylic acid. One or the other of these two methods is often the best way to make otherwise inaccessible aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The two methods were recently reviewed. ... 

As first described by Krizan and Martin,6 the in situ trapping protocol, i.e., having the base and electrophile present in solution simultaneously, makes it possible to lithiate substrates that are not applicable in classical ortho-lithiation reactions.7 Later, Caron and Hawkins utilized the compatibility of lithium diisopropylamide and triisopropyl borate to synthesize arylboronic acid derivatives of bulky, electron deficient neopentyl benzoic acid esters.8 As this preparation illustrates, the use of lithium tetramethylpiperidide instead of lithium diisopropylamide broadens the scope of the reaction, and makes it possible to functionalize a simple alkyl benzoate.2... 

The oxidation of hydrocarbon polymers resembles the oxidation of low-molecular weight (MW) hydrocarbons, with the polymer having its own internal source of peroxide initiators present. By making the assumption that peroxides are present in even the most carefully prepared raw mbber, the ease of oxidation of mbber at low to moderate temperatures can be understood. Therefore, it is extremely important to compound mbber for extended oxidation resistance through the use of protective additives and to be aware of pro-oxidant impurities present in the mbber or the mbber compound. 

The JV-silyl phosphinous amides present some particularities in their reactivity that make these compounds worth commenting on separately. They are stable and can be easily prepared in the usual way by reaction of AT-silyl substituted primary amines or hexamethyldisilazane with halophosphanes [48,49,128,129] or byJV-silylation of the appropriate phosphinous amides [72, 107]. The reductive Ph-P bond cleavage in AT-silyl phosphazenes Ph3P=NSiMe3 by the action of sodium is a peculiar example of preparing Ph2PNHSiMe3 [130]. 

Once the simple T-joint has been mastered the manufacture of 4 and 5 way junctions presents no dfficulty the operations described for making T-joints are just repeated the required number of times. The various side arms are all prepared as the first sta, and sufficient corks, or other means of blocking the tubes as they are joined on, must be at hand. The only other step which requires extra care is to see that completed joints are not overheated in making others, since if any of the side arms are unsupported they will bend xmder gravity. Adequate annealing is, as in all other joints, essential. 

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