4, 4 -Biphenyldicarboxylic acid

The present method for preparing aromatic dicarboxylic acids has been used to convert phthalic or isophthalic acid to tereph-thalic acid (90-95%) 2,2 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid to 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid 3,4-pyrroledicarboxylic acid to 2,5-pyr-roledicarboxylic acid and 2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid to 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. A closely related method for preparing aromatic dicarboxylic acids is the thermal disproportionation of the potassium salt of an aromatic monocarboxylic acid to an equimolar mixture of the corresponding aromatic hydrocarbon and the dipotassium salt of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The disproportionation method has been used to convert benzoic acid to terephthalic acid (90-95%) pyridine-carboxylic acids to 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (30-50%) 2-furoic acid to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid 2-thiophenecar-boxylic acid to 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid and 2-quinoline-carboxylic acid to 2,4-quinolinedicarboxylic acid. One or the other of these two methods is often the best way to make otherwise inaccessible aromatic dicarboxylic acids. The two methods were recently reviewed. ... 

CHDM copolyesters containing residues of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid and CHDM are reported to exhibit high heat resistance [91]. 

Tb(bpdc)i, 5(H20)] 0.5 DMF was synthesized by diffusion of triethylamine into a mixture of Tb(N03 )3 H20 and 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid (H2bpdc) (molar ratio 2 1) in a mixture of DMF and EtOH at 4°C then at 55" C [75]. Its crystal structure is shown in Figure 3.16a. The terbium atom is coordinated with six oxygen atoms from six bpdc and one oxygen atom from a terminal aqua ligand, CN = 7. The crystallographically equivalent Tb(III) ions... 

Polyesters of 4,4 -Biphenyldicarboxylic Acid and Aliphatic Glycols for High-Performance... 

The dicarboxylic acid was obtained in 65% yield with 79% selectivity. Fortunately, there are better ways (see Chap. 6) to make this compound without the use of toxic carbon tetrachloride. This method gives 100% selectivity at 71% conversion in the reaction of biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid to form the 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid. /3-Cyclodextrin accelerates the platinum-catalyzed addition of triethoxysilane to styrene.231 The reaction is 100% complete in 30 min at 50°C with the cyclodextrin, but only 45% complete without it. The Wacker reaction of 1-decene produces several ketones owing to double-bond isomerization. If the reaction is run in a dimethylcyclodextrin, isomerization is reduced by faster reoxidation of palladium(O).232 The product 2-decanone is obtained with 98-99% selectivity (5.57). 

A new class of diamine spacer was synthesised from a,co-diaminoalkanes and 4-nitrophthalic anhydride the resulting a, -bis(4-aminophthalimido)alkanes were polycondensed with one of the following acid chlorides terephthaloylchlo-ride, 2-phenylthioterephthaloylchloride, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid chloride [40]. Thermotropic behaviour was con-... 

Preparation of the starting material DIPB is typically achieved by isopropylation of benzene or cumene by use of conventional Friedel-Crafts catalysts [8] although solid acids [9], resins [10] and, more recently, zeolites [11,12] have also been mentioned as catalysts. Likewise, alkylation of polynuclear aromatics, e. g. biphenyl or naphthalene, gives rise to valuable intermediates. 4,4 -DialkyIbiphenyl can be converted into 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid, a monomer for a variety of... 

Free radical mechanisms have been proposed for this reaction [61, 72], and 4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 2,4, 5-biphenyltricarboxylic acid, and l,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)ethane have been detected as side products [72]. The formation of chromophores is also enhanced by the presence of oxygen, as discussed below in Section 2.7. 

Biphenyldicarboxylic acid, polyester with ethylene glycol 4,4 -Biphenyldicarboxylic acid, polyester with 1,4-butanediol —, polyester with 2,2 -(2,5-di-ter/-butyl- -phen)denedio3 )diethanol —, polyester with diethylene ycol —, polyester with ethylene glycol —, polyester with 1,6-hexanediol —, 2,2 -dimethyl-, polyester with ethylene ycol Brassylic add. See Tridecanedioic acid. 

Partial specific volume of poly(4,4 -biphenyldicarboxylic acid-co-diethylene glycol)... 

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