Pregnant

An oestrogen found in the urine of pregnant mares. It is not so physiologically active as equilin. 

An oestrogen present in the urine of pregnant women. It possesses female sex hormone activity but is not as active as oestrone. 

A much more serious drawback to using chiral drugs as racemic mixtures is illustrated by thalidomide briefly employed as a sedative and antinausea drug in Europe during the period 1959-1962 The desired properties are those of (/ ) thalidomide (S) Thalido mide however has a very different spectrum of bio logical activity and was shown to be responsible for over 2000 cases of serious birth defects in children born to women who took it while pregnant... 

In laboratory tests, appHcation of DMAC to the skin of pregnant rats has caused fetal deaths when the dosages were close to the lethal dose level for the mother. Embryonal malformations have been observed at dose levels 20% of the lethal dose and higher. However, when male and female rats were exposed to mean DMAC concentrations of 31,101, and 291 ppm for 6 h per day over several weeks, no reproductive effects were observed (6). 

Although DMF has led to iacreased embryo mortaUty ia pregnant animals at doses close to the lethal level for the pregnant animal, DMF exposures below the OSHA limits should not represent a ha2ard to pregnant workers as long as pmdent work practices are followed (4). 

This compound has antihistaminic activity and is usehil in the therapy of motion sickness. It may also be effective in the control of post-operative nausea and vomiting. It is classified as FDA Category B for Pregnancy, ie, no demonstrated risks shown in animal studies however, no controlled trials in pregnant women. Large doses may cause drowsiness and dry mouth owing to decreased secretion of saUva. 

Fig. 4. FSH receptor-binding potencies of equine FSH ( ), eCG purified from pregnant mate s semm (O), and endometrial cups (A). Receptor-binding in ceU membrane fractions, B/Bq from (a) horse, (b) calf, and (c) rodent testes (40). Courtesy of Butterworth-Heinemaim.

Exposure to excessive amounts of lead over a long period of time (chronic exposure) increases the risk of developing certain diseases. The parts of the body which may be affected include the blood, nervous system, digestive system, reproductive system, and kidneys. These effects include anemia, muscular weakness, kidney damage, and reproductive effects, such as reduced fertiHty in both men and women, and damage to the fetus of exposed pregnant women. 

Precipitation. The precipitation of aluminum tribydroxide ia the recovery step of the Bayer process is achieved either by loweting the temperature or by diluting the pregnant Hquor and reduciag its pH. Both methods reverse the direction of equation 35, but seeding with previously precipitated crystals is required ia order to initiate nucleation. 

The removal of copper from the pregnant nickel solution in the Sherritt-Gordon process is an example of purification by precipitation of a fairly insoluble compound. First, in the copper boil step, ammonia is driven off by heating the solution, and some copper sulfide precipitates. The residual copper is removed by a dding hydrogen sulfide for the chemical precipitation of mote copper sulfide. 

Cementation is also an efficient way of putifyiag a pregnant solution by removing impurities that are more noble than the metal being processed. An example is the cementation of copper, cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from ziac solutions prior to electrowinning. 

The pregnant organic solvent is stripped by agitation with a strong carbonate solution which removes uranium as the stable U02(C02) 3 aqueous complex. 

Ura.nium, The hydrometallurgical treatment of uranium ores is a concentration and purification process. Typical ore grade is 0.1—0.5% U Og, and pregnant solutions contain ca 1 kg/m of U Og. The dissolution requires the presence of an oxidant, either oxygen or a ferric salt. 

U02(C02) 3. The pregnant solution is concentrated and purified by ion exchange or solvent extraction, yielding a stripping solution of ca 50 kg/m U Og. Uranium is then precipitated chemically. Pure U Og is obtained by calcination (see Uraniumand URANIUM COMPOUNDS). 

Reproductive System. The primary PGs are intimately involved in reproductive physiology (67). PGE2 and PGP2Q, are potent contractors of the pregnant utems and intravenous infusion of either of these compounds to pregnant humans produces a dose-dependent increase in frequency and force of uterine contraction. PGI2 and TXA2 have mild relaxant and stimulatory effects, respectively, on uterine tissue. The primary PGs also play a role in parturition, ovulation, luteolysis, and lactation and have been impHcated in male infertility. 

Stannous chloride, an FDA-approved direct food additive with GRAS status, has also been extensively studied (59—62). In three FDA-sponsored studies, it was determined that stannous chloride is nonmutagenic in rats when administered orally up to 50 mg/kg to pregnant mice for ten consecutive days, stannous chloride has no discernible effect on nidation or on maternal or fetal survival and, when administered orally at 41.5 mg/kg to pregnant rabbits for 13 consecutive days, it produced no discernible effect on nidation or on maternal or fetal survival (63—65). 

The amount of foHc acid required for daily iatake is estimated based oa the minimum amouat required to maintain a certaia level of semm folate. The recommeaded dietary allowance (RDA) for foHc acid accounts for daily losses and makes allowances for variation ia iadividual aeeds and bioavailabiUty from food sources (85). The U.S. recommended daily allowance for adults is 400 p.g and for pregnant women is 800 ]1 (Table 4). 

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