Negative pregnant

Lubiprostone is contraindicated in patients with a history of mechanical gastrointestinal obstruction. Safety has not been established in pregnant women animal studies indicated the potential to cause fetal loss. Women who could become pregnant should have a negative pregnancy test result prior to beginning therapy with lubiprostone. 

When I found out that I was five weeks pregnant with my first child, I stopped the Prozac immediately. I did not feel depressed and do not remember any negative consequences at that time. Perhaps the fact that I was so ecstatic to be pregnant helped me. Then at three months pregnant we moved. This was a stressful and difficult time. I did not resume the Prozac during that pregnancy and I did not become depressed, but there were times when I felt I was skating on very thin ice and I felt scared. 

Iron is stored in intestinal mucosal cells as ferritin (an iron/protein complex) until needed by the body. Iron deficiency results from acute or chronic blood loss, from insufficient intake during periods of accelerated growth in children, or in heavily menstruating or pregnant women. Therefore it essentially results from a negative iron balance due to depletion of iron stores and inadequate intake, culminating in hypochromic microcytic anemia. Supplementation with ferrous sulfate is required to correct the deficiency. Gastrointestinal disturbances caused by local irritation are the most common adverse effects caused by iron supplements. 

Because human pharmacokinetic data are often minimal, absorption data from studies of experimental animals-by any relevant route of exposure-might assist those who must apply animal toxicity data to risk assessment. Results of a dermal developmental toxicity study that shows no adverse developmental effects are potentially misleading if uptake through the skin is not documented. Such a study would be insufficient for risk assessment, especially if it were interpreted as a negative study (one that showed no adverse effect). In studies where developmental toxicity is detected, regardless of the route of exposure, skin absorption data can be used to establish the internal dose in the pregnant animal for risk extrapolation to human dermal exposure. For a discussion pertinent both to the development and to the application of pharmacokinetic data, risk assessors can consult the conclusions of the Workshop on the Acceptability and Interpretation of Dermal Developmental Toxicity Studies (Kimmel and Francis 1990). 

The toxicity to the nervous system depends on the delivered dose and exposiue duration. In the case of pregnant women, pharmacokinetic processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) govern PAH disposition within the mother and the nervous system of children. Moreover, unique physiological features, such as the presence of a placental barrier and the gradual development of the blood-brain barrier influence PAH disposition and thus modulate developmental neurotoxicity. Because CNS effects are dependent upon windows of susceptibility when the lowest dose and shortest duration of exposure to environmental PAHs will have the greatest negative impact on brain development, a susceptibility exposure paradigm has proven to be the most reliable model in which to study developmental insult. The intent of this chapter was to review... 

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