Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin PMSG

Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) is a unique member of the gonadotrophin family of hormones. It is synthesized only by pregnant mares (i.e. is not found in other species). Furthermore, it displays both FSH-like and LH-like biological activities. 

This glycoprotein hormone is a heterodimer, composed of an a- and /i-subunit, and approximately 45% of its molecular mass is carbohydrate. Reported molecular masses range 

The androgens and oestrogens represent the major male and female sex hormones, respectively. The testicular Leydig cells represent the primary source of androgens in the male, of which testosterone is the major one. Testosterone, in turn, serves as a precursor for two additional steroids dihydrotestosterone and the oestrogen. These mediate many of its biological effects. 

Females, too, produce androgens, principally in the follicular theca cells. Androgens are also produced in the adrenals in both male and females. 

The biological activities of androgens (only some of which are specific to males) may be summarized as  

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Pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG Sigma, St. Louis, MO). 

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