Powder single-dosed oral

The structure of this chapter is such that after orientation on the application of oral dosage forms and their definitions, at first the general aspects of formulation and preparation of powder mixtures are dealt with. Specific information about the respective dosage forms are then given in separate sections on capsules and powders (single dose, multidose and cachets). 

Paper is the primary packaging layer for the packaging of single dose oral powders in powder paper (Sect. 24.4.12). However, it is more common for paper and cardboard to be used as secondary or tertiary packaging layer. Paper is also the basic material of a special packaging material the label (Sect. 24.2.6). 

A jar can be used as secondary container for single dose oral powders in powder paper or sachets, and for suppositories and pessaries in strips. 

Single dose oral powders are dispensed in powder paper or sachets. For the packaging of single dose powders, paper qualities of 40-120 g/m should be used. Powder paper must not be contaminated, should not shed fibers and there should be minimal variance in weight per area (= constant powder paper weight) within each batch. 

The constant paper weight distribution is important when the weight distribution of single dose oral powders is determined on the powders/paper combination. When the paper weight is not constant the batch can be unjustly rejected based on an out of specification weight distribution. 

Single-dose oral powders in powder paper can be packaged in a plastic bag with a clip. Single-dose oral powders can also be packaged in small sealed pouches from a laminate foil material including an aluminium layer. These primary containers are called sachets. Next to the use as primary container, bags are also used as secondary container. 

Sodium-restricted diets Each buffered tablet contains 264.5 mg sodium. Each single-dose packet of buffered powder for oral solution contains 1380 mg sodium. Hyperuricemia Didanosine has been associated with asymptomatic hyperuricemia consider suspending treatment if clinical measures aimed at reducing uric acid levels fail. 

VIDEX buffered powder for oral solution is supplied for oral administration in single-dose packets containing 100, 167, or 250 mg of didanosine. Packets of each product... 

Tablets are broken by chewing before swallowing with water Disintegrate in oral cavity without drinking water to form a suspension for ease of swallowing Two-piece capsule shells filled with granules, powders, pellets, minitablets, sprinkles, semisolids, oils One-piece capsules filled with oily liquid Single-dose unit bag containing granules...

No adverse effects were observed in rats orally administered single doses of 0.5 or 2 g/kg of powdered maitake (Koike et al. 2003). 

Koike, T., T. Nagase, T. Fujimura, et al. 2003. Single dose toxicity study of powdered Grifola frondosa by oral adrninistration in rats. Pharmacometrics 65 (l-2) 39-41. 

In healthy volunteers orally administered single doses of 0.4, 0.8, or 1.2 g of a white mulberry leaf powder enriched with the compound 1-deoxynojirimycin to a concentration of 1.5%, doses of 0.8 or 1.2 g of powder significantly suppressed the elevation of postprandial blood glucose and secretion of insulin (Kimura et al. 2007). 

Oral powders are preparations consisting of solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness. They contain one or more active substances, with or without excipients and, if necessary, colouring matter (...) and flavouring substances. They are generally administered in or with water or another suitable liquid. They are presented as single-dose or multidose preparations [6]. 

Fig. 4.2 Nifedipine contents in single-dose powders or capsules that were meant to contain nifedipine 1 mg as active substance (from crushed tablets Adalat 10 mg retard) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a diluent. The batch size was 50 single-dose powder or capsules and no excess tablets were used. Capsules number 4 (80 mg MCC), 3 (130 mg MCC) and 1 (200 mg MCC) are compared to oral...

Orally administered medicines require the pharmacist s advice on when (before, with or after the meal) and how (with a full glass of water, no milk, etc.) to take the medicine. When single-dose or multidose powders are dispensed, patients must be taught on the exact technique for measuring the dose to be administered and the proper mode of administration. Should the powder be mixed in a liquid What liquid and volume Can the powder be mixed with food (hot or cold) How long it can be kept after mixing ... 

A crude aqueous extract of powdered Combretodendron africanum bark is a smooth muscle stimulant and reportedly has contraceptive as well as abortifacient properties. Another plant material with a fertility lowering effect on rats is byakangelicin, a furancoumarin from Ferula alliacea.3 A steroidal oily fraction extracted from the seed of Abius precatorius was orally active when tested for antifertility activity on rats and mice. The material also produced 80% sterility in rats when administered as a single oral dose of 150 mg of oil daily for 1-5 days in the post coital period. 

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