Potassium salt impregnation

Ura et al. [35] also reported that the partial substitution of strontium by potassium in Sri J< ,Ti03 perovskites improves the catalytic combustion of soot in N0 /02 mixtures with soot-catalysts mixtures prepared in loose contact. It was observed that potassium favors the creation of oxygen vacancies on the perov-sldte surface where molecular oxygen or NO are adsorbed forming basic surface oxygen species active for soot oxidation. In this line, it was confirmed that potassium substitution into the perovskite framework is more effective than a potassium salt impregnation [36]. 

Potassium nitrate is used in explosives, blasting powders, gunpowder, matches, and fireworks. Other applications of this salt include pickling meats tempering steel impregnating candle wicks freezing mixtures preparing other potassium salts and as a diuretic. 

Epoxidations can be effected by adsorption of sulfonium salts and substrate on potassium fluoride impregnated alumina. Soluble fluoride ion allowed the generation of a methylide from a TMS-substituted precursor, which underwent equilibration to the more stable benzylide prior to addition (equation 3). The reaction failed with ketones or imines. 

For the NMR experiments, material from a batch of Pt/titania that has been often used for Pt NMR was impregnated with lithium or potassium salts and rereduced afterwards [101]. It is not known how much of the alkali ends up on the metal particles. The NMR spectra are not visibly modifled by the impregnation, but the spin-lattice relaxation becomes faster on the surface and is unchanged in the bulk see Figure 17. The relaxation curves could be described by simple exponentials and Figure 17(b) shows that the Pt atoms in the impregnated surface still have... 

In a recent application of HDEHP to actinide/actinide and actinide/lanthanide separations, Novikov and Myasoedov (1987) report the use of a supported liquid membrane impregnated with HDEHP for the separation of Am/Cm, Eu/Tb, and Am/Eu using DTPA, citric acid, and the potassium salt of a heteropolyacid (KioP2Wi706i - KPWO) as aqueous complexants. The optimum separation factors reported are = 5.0, Sj = 10.8, and > 10. ... 

Although not modified to increased adsorption capacity, the first commercial example was the cobalt chloride-impregnated transition alumina marketed by Alcoa in the 1950s for water adsorption. Calcium, sodium, and potassium salts have also been used commercially for various reasons. The most recent published example is the modified alumina used to separate mercury from natural gas streams in the Arabian oil countries. A related example is the permanganate impregnation of a... 

Fig. 36. Chromatogram of salts of aliphatic amines on potassium chloride-impregnated paper mobile phase w-butanol saturated with cone. KCl. (1) Methylamine, (2) ethylamine, (3) mixture of methyl-to -butylamine, (4) /i-propylamine -------- (5) w-butylamine.

Ultrahigh surface area carbon material [11] was prepared by a direct chemical activation route in which petroleum coke was reacted with excess KOH at 900°C to produce carbon materials containing potassium salts. These salts were removed by successive water washings. The strrface area of the carbon materials measured by the BET method is about 3234 m /g, the pore volume is about 1.78 cm /g and the average pore size is about 2.2 nm. The carbon materials were impregnated at room temperature with a saturated aqueous solution of nickel nitrate. The slurry was then filtered and squeezed to remove the hquid on the carbon surface [12]. After drying in air at 60°C for 8 h, the resulting sample was transferred to a quartz reactor inside a tubular resistance furnace. The carbon template was removed by combustion at 500°C imder a mixture gas of 20% O2 in Ar. 

A third source of brine is found underground. Underground brines ate primarily the result of ancient terminal lakes that have dried up and left brine entrained in their salt beds. These deposits may be completely underground or start at the surface. Some of these beds ate hundreds of meters thick. The salt bed at the Salat de Atacama in Chile is over 300 m thick. Its bed is impregnated with brine that is being pumped to solar ponds and serves as feedstock to produce lithium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride. Seades Lake in California is a similar ancient terminal lake. Brine from its deposit is processed to recover soda ash, borax, sodium sulfate, potassium chloride, and potassium sulfate. 

The second processing step consisted of salt decomposition with the subsequent reduction to pure metal. The method of chemical deposition of metal salts from the water salt solution with the subsequent reduction to pure metal by liquid phase reducer has been applied to prepare graphite-tin CMs. In this case tin chloride was used for impregnation and potassium tetrahydroborate was used as liquid phase reducer. 

The gas-phase process, successfully commercialized independently by Bayer and USI,417 involves passing a mixture of ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen over a supported palladium catalyst contained in a multitubular reactor at 150 °C and about 5-10 atm pressure. The overall yield in vinyl acetate is about 92%, and the major by-product is C02. The catalyst consists of a palladium salt (e.g. Na2PdCl4) deposited on silica (or alumina) in the presence of a cocatalyst (e.g. HAuC14), reduced and impregnated with potassium acetate before use.384,418 The lifetime of the catalyst is about 2... 

The most popular thermionic detector (TID) is the nitrogen-phosphorus detector (NPD). The NPD is specific for compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus. The detector uses a thermionic emission source in the form of a bead or cylinder composed of a ceramic material impregnated with an alkyl-metal. The sample impinges on the electrically heated and now molten potassium and rubidium metal salts of the active element. Samples which contain N or P are ionized and the resulting current measured. In this mode, the detector is usually operated at 600-800°C with hydrogen flows about 10 times less than those used for flame-ionization detection (FID). 

To produce radicals the cellulose substrate can be saturated with potassium persulfate. Another method includes impregnation of cellulose with ferrous salts followed by treatment with a monomer solution in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydroxyl radicals are produced in this system according to the following reaction ... 

Oxalates also have been used as fire retardants for wood products (94). They behave like other inorganic salts. Specimens impregnated with potassium oxalate promoted degradation of wood components in the temperature range of 180-320 C as well as retarding active decomposition during flaming combustion. 

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