Surface impregnation

Gaseous chemical compounds whose molecules contain chlorine and/or fluorine - such as refrigerants R12, R22 and R134a - will influence the emissions of alkali ions from a surface impregnated with a mixture of KOH and lron(lll)hydroxide and maintained at 800 °C to 900 °C by an external Pt heater. The released ions flow to a cathode where the ion current is measured and then amplified (halogen diode principle). This effect is so great that partial pressures for halogens can be measured down to 10 mbar. 

Silicone resins. Methyl silicone resins which can be diluted with organic solvents have been used for impregnating the facades of buildings since the mid-1950s. Surfaces impregnated with silicone resins show... 

In the case of vapour-phase processes for metal deposition on the support, only limited control of dispersion and distribution of the metal crystallites is possible. In the case of liquid-phase systems, they do not provide as wide a range of catalysts as is possible with techniques based on adsorption from solution. However, the technique does provide a means of preparing well characterized surface-impregnated supports. 

Other workers have given results for the adsorption of a wide range of platinum-group metal complexes and have related the rapid rate of adsorption to the extent of surface impregnation. They attempt to correlate the rate... 

The final consolidation will be surface impregnation with ethyl methacrylate. The simple consolidant will be brushed over decayed surface por-... 

Besides basic compoimds, an improved capacity for MM removal can be also obtained by surface impregnation with compounds, which are able to promote redox surfece reaction. It was found that the modification of the activated carbon surface with Fe203, KI and KIO3 (all about 4 wt%) increased the capacity of activated carbon by a iactor 3-5 [134]. On the other hand, the same treatment of activated carbon fibers increased the capac% over 200 times. It is interesting and very unique for the results, which have been reported in the literature that this process led to the deposition of elemental sulfur on the surface, which was confirmed using SEM/EDAX experiments. 

As mentioned in Introduction, recently polymer-impregnated mortar and concrete have hardly been used as construction materials except for a few applications. At present, their precast products such as permanent forms are manufactured to order at Materras Oume Co., Ltd. in Japan, which is their only manufacturer in the world. However, a recent great interest has been oriented toward the durability improvement of reinforced concrete structures by the concrete surface impregnation techniques using alkyl alkoxy silane-based barrier (or surface) penetrants, similar to the field polymer impregnation techniques [85]... 

If cells attach a surface impregnated with biocides and are actually killed, there is not much probability that they leave the surface. Thus, the surface will be soon covered with dead bacteria and loose its efficacy. 

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