Postmenopausal syndromes

ICHIKAWA T (1974) Administration of gamma oryzanol to women suffering from postmenopausal syndrome. Changes of hormone levels before and after administration. J New Drugs Clinics, 23 40. 

Besides contraception, the uses of estrogens can largely be put into three main groups the management of the menopausal and postmenopausal syndrome (its widest use) physiological replacement therapy in deficiency states and the treatment of prostatic cancer and of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. 

The same technology has been utilized in the development of the following 1) the Estraderm system, which administers a controlled dose of estradiol transdermally over 3 days for the relief of postmenopausal syndrome and osteoporosis 2) the Duragesic system, which provides a transdermal-controlled administration of fentanyl, a potent narcotic analgesic, for 72-h relief of chronic pain and 3) the Androderm system, which provides a transdermal-controlled delivery of... 

Epidemiological studies (Aldercreutz et al., 1991 Aldercreutz, 1998) indicate that consumption of tofu and other soy foods may be associated with the low incidence of breast cancer in Japanese women. This discovery has led numerous researchers in recent years to search for the biochemical components in soybean that are responsible for the cancer risk-lowering effect. Aside from the potential cancer prevention effect (Wu et al., 1996 Cline and Hughes, 1998 Griffiths et al., 1998 Messina and Bennink, 1998 Stephens, 1999), isoflavones also have been found to have other potential health benefits, including heart disease prevention (Anthony et al., 1998), bone mass density increase to prevent osteoporosis (Anderson and Camer, 1997) and the reduction of postmenopausal syndromes in women (Knight et al., 1996). 

Obstetrics/gynecology. Research pertaining to the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as to the study of the women s reproductive system in general. Studies in these areas include contraception, hormone-replacement therapy, menopause, menstrual disorders, ovarian cysts, postmenopausal syndrome, pregnancy/labor/delivery, yeast infections, and others. 

Aranda, R, Calvo, C., Gude, F., Coca, A., Marin, R., Aranda, F. J., Aguiler, M. T., and Armengol, S. 2002. Is there a metabolic hypertensive postmenopausal syndrome Results of a national cross sectional study. Am. J. Hypertension 15(Suppl.) A136-37. 

Discovery of a Chromene-based novel SERM for treatment of postmenopausal syndrome... 

Hormone therapy has proven highly effective in controlling the menopausal syndrome, especially severe hot flushes (MacLennan et al. 2004), even at doses significantly lower than those used until now (Speroff et al. 2000 Utian et al. 2001). Women s Health Initiative studies found that hormone replacement therapy, when administered as a primary prevention intervention for CVD in older women, increases the risk of heart disease and breast cancer. Even if a protective effect on fracture and colon cancer was observed, the risk-benefit ratio led to a recommendation of this treatment only for the short-term relief of menopausal symptoms (Rossouw et al. 2002 Anderson et al. 2004). The role of early administration of ovarian hormones to young postmenopausal women in the prevention of cardiovascular disease or late dementia remains... 

Unlabeled Uses Hyperlipidemia, lung cancer, male contraception, malnutrition, postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren s syndrome, trauma/sur-... 

It is indicated in prophylaxis and treatment of rickets, postmenopausal osteoporosis, Fanconi syndrome and hypoparathyroidism. 

Rufford J, Hextall A, Cardozo L, Khullar V. A doubleblind placebo-controlled trial on the effects of 25 mg estradiol implants on the urge syndrome in postmenopausal women. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003 14 78-83. 

About half the PCD patients have antineuronal antibodies, and the antibody diversity is considerable [58]. In postmenopausal women, PCD is usually associated with tumors of the ovary or breast, and more than 90% harbor an onconeural antibody, most often the Yo antibody [55], The clinical signs are most often consistent with isolated involvement of the cerebellum [16] or cerebellar and brain stem involvement in combination [68], The Hu antibody is the second most common antibody in PCD, usually associated with SCLC, and in these patients, PCD is often a part of a clinical PEM/SN syndrome [52]. Other regions of the CNS are quite frequently involved in PCD patients, especially those harboring other antibodies than the Yo antibody [68]. Forty-one percent of the patients with PCD and SCLC harbor P/Q-type VGCC antibodies, even without symptoms or signs of LEMS [69]. Finally, PCD may present as part of the OM syndrome associated with Ri antibodies [32,36,68]. Dysarthria and nystagmus are less common symptoms in this group. 

Half-life may be longer In obese patients Patients with premenstrual syndrome may be less sensitive to midazolam than healthy women throughout the cycle Midazolam clearance may be reduced In postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women... 

Women who are taking or considering hormone replacement therapy should be informed of the potential increased risk of dry eye syndrome with this therapy. Women on oral contraceptives who complain of dry eye or in whom ocular surface disease is noted should be advised of the potential causative aspects of their medication. In either case, therapies for dry eye are usually based on topical administration of tear substitutes, lid treatments, environmental modification, and immunomodulatory agents for inflammatory-related ocular surfece disease. Hormone-based eyedrops are being studied with respect to targeting postmenopausal women with dry eye. 

For PMDD, the first-line strategy is to augment serotonergic neurotransmission, and the second-line strategy is to induce an anovulatory state using different types of hormonal treatments. For the perimenopause syndrome, augmentation of 5-HT neurotransmission and hormone-replacement therapy are the most common treatment strategies. Clinical studies have reported that 17/3-estradiol replacement improves mood in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with no or mild depression. In postmenopausal women, 17/3-estradiol therapy alone or in combination with antidepressants may be used to treat a major depressive episode. 

---