Population reference intake

Table 1.6 Population Reference Intakes of Vitamins, European Union, 1993... 

As shown in Table 1.9, a number of terms are used Recommended Daily (or Dietary) Intake (RDI), Recommended Dietary (or Daily) Amount (RDA), Reference or Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), and Population Reference Intake (PRI). All have the same statistical basis, and all are defined as an intake of the nutrient that is adequate to ensure that the requirements of essentially all healthy people in the specified population group are met. The 2001FAO/WHO report introduced the term profecfmenwfnenfmtake-an amount greater than the reference intake that may be protective against specified health risks of public health importance. 

PRI Population Reference Intakes EU, 1993 By parallel with RNI, but emphasizing that these are population ranges, and not applicable to individuals see Table 1.6... 

The Average Requirement of ascorbic acid is 30 mg/day. The Population Reference Intake is 45 mg/day for adults. The Lowest Threshold Intake, for which considerable evidence exists, is 12 mg/day (1). These estimates have been supported by the relevant committee of the European Union. A communication from the US National Academy of Sciences, as part of the revision of US Dietary Reference Intakes, while estimating rather higher average requirements of ascorbic acid than the EU committee, does (100 mg/day) also proposed a tolerable upper intake... 

Pyridoxine (vitamin Be) requirements vary with protein intake the daily Average Requirement is 13 micrograms/ g protein intake and the Population Reference Intake is 15 micrograms/g protein intake. In adults this translates into a daily Average Requirement of 1.3 mg/day for men and 1.0 mg/day for women, and a Population Reference Intake of 1.5 mg/day for men and 1.1 mg/day for women. 

Vitamin B12 is a mixture of cobalamins. Dietary vitamin B12 is converted to the active forms, methyl-cobalamin (mecobalamin) and adenosylcobalamin. The Average Requirement of total cobalamins in adults is 1.0 microgram/day and the Population Reference Intake is 1.4 micrograms/day. The Lowest Threshold Intake is 0.6 micrograms/day. Hydroxocobalamin (rINN vitamin Bi2a) and cyanocobalamin (rINN) have been used therapeutically. 

Dietary intake and synthesis of vitamin D in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet light complement one another. In practice, the Population Reference Intake for adults is 5-10 micrograms/day and for infants and children 10-25 micrograms/day. Colecalciferol 1 microgram = vitamin D 40 lU. 

Since vitamin E requirements depend on dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids, which vary considerably between individuals, it has not been seen as expedient to establish a single Population Reference Intake value. 

RDA, Recommended dietary allowance PRl, population reference intake (Europe) PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

Population reference intake (PRI) An intake of the nutrient two standard deviations above the observed mean requirement, and hence greater than the requirements of 97.5% of the population. A term introduced in the 1993 EU tables of nutrient requirements. 

Three different systems have been employed single values in the RDI (Italy) and the RDA (USA), a two-tier system in the RDI of the FAOAVHO, and a three-tier system in the DRV (UK) and RI (CEC). The single RDI and RDA values, the higher tier in the FAOAVHO system, termed safe intake, and the top tier in the UK and CEC systems, termed reference nutrient intake (RNI) or population reference intake (PRI) , are roughly equivalent conceptually. All presume the presence of an adequate total body reserve of vitamin A for most individuals in society but also include, in the UK system, the requirements of those few members of the community with particularly high needs [10]. 

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