Polyvinyl chloride calendering

Polyvinyl Chloride. (Table 15.5) this is the most versatile of the commercial thermoplastic polymers. It is used mainly for rigid and flexible plastics, for rubberlike products, for coatings on steel, cloth, and paper, and in smaller amounts for specialty fibers. It is processed mainly by extrusion and calendering, and in smaller amounts by injection, compression, and... 

With the war years, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins came under study, and plasticized PVC compounds, based on these resins, became available as calendered sheet lining materials-the material of choice for stainless steel pickling and for chrome plating and other exposure employing mixtures of chemicals including such strong oxidants as nitric and chromic acid which rapidly attack natural rubber. (A higher temperature limit modification now seldom seen is PVDC, for which the continuous temperature limit is said to be 170°-180°F.)... 

The most widely plasticized polymer is polyvinyl chloride (PVC) due to its excellent plasticizer compatibility characteristics. Only by incorporation of a plasticizer a degree of flexibility is achieved, which makes PVC suitable for applications such as cable insulation or sheathing, calendered sheets, floor covering, flexible profile or synthetic leather. However, plasticizers have also been used and remain in use with other polymer types. 

Polyvinyl Chloride Thermoplastic polymer of vinyl chloride, available in rigid and flexible forms. Has good dimensional stability, fire resistance, and weatherability, but decreased heat and solvent resistance and high density. Processed by injection and blow-molding, calendering, extrusion, and powder coating. Used in films, fabric coatings, wire insulation, toys, bottles, and pipes. Also called PVC. 

Chem. Descrip. Polyvinyl chloride homopolymer Uses PVC for calendering, extrusion, molding, elec, wire coatings, flexible and rigid compounding Features Consistent quality good plasticizer dry up Properties Wh. free-flowing powd. sp. gr. 1.40 bulk dens. 0.56 g/cm relative vise. 2.37 (1 % in cyclohexanone)... 

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride Shoes, hoses, rotor-molded hollow articles such as balls and other toys, calendered films for raincoats and tablecloths, etc. 

Web thicknesses range from 3 to 30 mils off the calender, down to between 1 and 2 mils after stretching. Product widths can vary between 72 and 120 in. Thermoplastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) can be easily calendered. 

A process used almost exclusively for polyvinyl chloride resins is calendering. A formulation of resin, plasticizer, colorants, stabilizers, etc. is heated and passed through polished and heated rollers, which are successively placed closer and closer together. This same process is also used in production of rubber sheeting or fabric-reinforced plastic. 

Widely used with polyvinyl chloride resins as a highly efficient plasticizer that will impart excellent low temperature properties at moderate cost as well as excellent heat stability and weathering resistance. It is extensively used in the mcuiu-facture of calendered sheeting where its good hand, drape, clarity, and "dry surface" result in increased sales appeal to the consumer. It is also used in extrusion compounds and in some film to impart in roved low temperature flexibility. Physical Properties ... 

Rigid PYC polyvinyl chloride (qv) composition with little or no plasticiser. Used for calendering, injection moulding, extrusion, etc. 

PVC is available as dice or pellets, and as plastisols (resin dispersed in solvent) and as sheet. All colours can be provided, as well as clear transparent material. Polyvinyl chloride is processed by injection moulding, extrusion, calendering, blow and rotation moulding, spreading, dipping and foaming. Sheet material can be formed by all standard techniques. 

---