POLYURETHANE ESTER

Polyurethane ester PUK excellent good except for Excellent —20 to 80... 

SYNS ANDUR CURENE ETHERON ETHERON SPONGE ISOURETHANE NCI-C56451 PUOGRIP POLYFOAM PLASTIC SPONGE POLYFOAM SPONGE POLYURETHANE A POLYURETHANE ESTER FOAM POLYURETHANE ETHER FOAM POLYURETHANE SPONGE SPENKEL SPENLITE URETHANE POLYMERS... 

Other synthetic polymers that are known to be sensitive to biodegradation are, for example polyurethane, ester-type and some ether-type, polyvinylalcohol (PVAl), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl-... 

Synonyms cas 9009-54-5 polyfoam plastic polyfoam sponge polyurethane ester foam polyurethane... 

Where cracks in foams are sufficiently large to weaken the structure of an artwork, a filler which provides reinforcement as well as improving appearance may be necessary to minimize future damage. A relief by Ferdinand Spindel, which comprised a foam sheet (1.5 cm thick) folded irregularly and nailed to a chipboard base, exhibited large cracks. Implants of new polyurethane ester foam with the same cell diameter as the original were cut to size, secured in place with a polyvinyl alcohol dispersion and painted red to match the original surfaces. The structural fill is reversible (van Oosten, 1999). 

Polyurethane ester foam Polyurethane ether foam. See Polyurethane foam... 

First described in 1963, the fabrication of ceramic foams by impregnation of polymeric sponge-like templates has been widely studied. [4-6] For the need of our study, alumina foams are prepared by impregnating polyurethane-ester type foams cut into cylinders... 

As a class of compounds, nitriles have broad commercial utility that includes their use as solvents, feedstocks, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, and pesticides. The versatile reactivity of organonitnles arises both from the reactivity of the C=N bond, and from the abiHty of the cyano substituent to activate adjacent bonds, especially C—H bonds. Nitriles can be used to prepare amines, amides, amidines, carboxyHc acids and esters, aldehydes, ketones, large-ring cycHc ketones, imines, heterocycles, orthoesters, and other compounds. Some of the more common transformations involve hydrolysis or alcoholysis to produce amides, acids and esters, and hydrogenation to produce amines, which are intermediates for the production of polyurethanes and polyamides. An extensive review on hydrogenation of nitriles has been recendy pubHshed (10). 

The hydroxyl groups can be esterified normally the interesting diacrylate monomer (80) and the biologicaky active haloacetates (81) have been prepared in this manner. Reactions with dibasic acids have given polymers capable of being cross-linked (82) or suitable for use as soft segments in polyurethanes (83). Polycarbamic esters are obtained by treatment with a diisocyanate (84) or via the bischloroformate (85). 

Pentaerythritol in rosin ester form is used in hot-melt adhesive formulations, especially ethylene—vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, as a tackifier. Polyethers of pentaerythritol or trim ethyl ol eth an e are also used in EVA and polyurethane adhesives, which exhibit excellent bond strength and water resistance. The adhesives maybe available as EVA melts or dispersions (90,91) or as thixotropic, one-package, curable polyurethanes (92). Pentaerythritol spko ortho esters have been used in epoxy resin adhesives (93). The EVA adhesives are especially suitable for cellulose (paper, etc) bonding. 

Pentabromodiphenyl Oxide. Pentabromodiphenyl oxide [32534-81-9] (PBDPO) is prepared from diphenyl oxide by bromiaation (36). It is primarily used as a flame retardant for flexible polyurethane foams. For this appHcation PBDPO is sold as a blend with a triaryl phosphate. Its primary benefit ia flexible polyurethanes is superior thermal stabiUty, ie, scorch resistance, compared to chloroalkyl phosphates (see Phosphate esters). 

Diester/Ether Diol of Tetrabromophthalic Anhydride. This material [77098-07-8] is prepared from TBPA in a two-step reaction. First TBPA reacts with diethylene glycol to produce an acid ester. The acid ester and propylene oxide then react to give a diester. The final product, a triol having two primary and one secondary hydroxyl group, is used exclusively as a flame retardant for rigid polyurethane foam (53,54). 

Polyols. Several important polyhydric alcohols or polyols are made from formaldehyde. The principal ones include pentaerythritol, made from acetaldehyde and formaldehyde trimethylolpropane, made from -butyraldehyde and formaldehyde and neopentyl glycol, made from isobutyraldehyde and formaldehyde. These polyols find use in the alkyd resin (qv) and synthetic lubricants markets. Pentaerythritol [115-77-5] is also used to produce rosin/tall oil esters and explosives (pentaerythritol tetranitrate). Trimethylolpropane [77-99-6] is also used in urethane coatings, polyurethane foams, and multiftmctional monomers. Neopentyl glycol [126-30-7] finds use in plastics produced from unsaturated polyester resins and in coatings based on saturated polyesters. 

HydroxyethyUiydrazine (11) is a plant growth regulator. It is also used to make a coccidiostat, furazoHdone, and has been proposed, as has (14), as a stabilizer in the polymerization of acrylonitrile (72,73). With excess epoxide, polysubstitution occurs and polyol chains can form to give poly(hydroxyaLkyl) hydrazines which have been patented for the preparation of cellular polyurethanes (74) and as corrosion inhibitors for hydrauHc fluids (qv) (75). DialkyUiydrazines, R2NNH2, and alkylene oxides form the very reactive amineimines (15) which react further with esters to yield aminimides (16) ... 

Reaction with Phosgene. This reaction of amino acid esters is used for preparing the corresponding isocyanates, especially lysine diisocyanate [4460-02-0] (LDI). LDI is a valuable nonyellowing isocyanate with a functional side group for incorporation in polyurethanes. 

Neopentyl alcohol is useful for preparation of masked polyol siUcate esters, capable of releasing the polyol under moisture conditions, in moisture-curable one-component Hquid polyurethane compositions (90). 

Cationic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants derive thek water solubiUty from thek ionic charge, whereas the nonionic hydrophile derives its water solubihty from highly polar terminal hydroxyl groups. Cationic surfactants perform well in polar substrates like styrenics and polyurethane. Examples of cationic surfactants ate quaternary ammonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium methosulfates, and quaternary ammonium nitrates (see QuARTERNARY AMMONIUM compounds). Anionic surfactants work well in PVC and styrenics. Examples of anionic surfactants ate fatty phosphate esters and alkyl sulfonates. 

Bis(chloroformic esters) condense with diamines to give polyurethanes (60) (see Urethane polymers). 

In the adhesives market growth has been slower than in other segments. Increasing competition from other materials, most notably polyurethanes and acryhcs, is affecting the market (see Acrylic ester polymers Urethane polymers). 

The acetates of most alcohols are also commercially available and have diverse uses. Because of their high solvent power, ethyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, amyl, and isoamyl acetates are used in ceUulose nitrate and other lacquer-type coatings (see Cellulose, esters). Butyl and hexyl acetates are exceUent solvents for polyurethane coating systems (see Coatings Urethane polymers). Ethyl, isobutyl, amyl, and isoamyl acetates are frequentiy used as components in flavoring (see Flavors and spices), and isopropyl, benzyl, octyl, geranyl, linalyl, and methyl acetates are important additives in perfumes (qv). 

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