Polypropylene clay composite

Table 2. Effect of SMA Resin on Polypropylene/Clay Composites.

Villaluenga, J. R G., Khayet, M., Valentin, J. L., Seoane, B., and Mengual, J. I. (2007). Gas Transport Properties of Polypropylene/Clay Composite Membranes. European Polymer Journal. A3 1132-1143. 

Polypropylene clay composites were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender batch mixer (PL2000, C.W. Brabender) at 50 rpm and 180°C. Clays were added at... 

Galgali, G., Agarwal, S., and Lele, A., Effect of clay orientation on the tensile modulus of polypropylene-nanoclay composites, Polymer, 45, 6059-6069 (2004). 

Nam, R H., Maiti, R, Okamoto, M., Kotaka, T., Nakayama, T., Takada, M., Ohshima, M., Usuki, A., Hasegawa, N., and Okamoto, H., Foam processing and cellular structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites, Polym. Eng. ScL, 42, 1907-1918 (2002). Navarro-Banon, V., Vega-Baudrit, J., Vaquez, R, and Martm-Martinez, J. M., Interactions in naosilica-polyurethane composites evidenced by plate-plate rheology and DMTA, Macro-mol. Symp., 221, 1-10 (2005). 

Using clay derived from hydrated sihcates of aluminum combined with polymer materials would provide significant advantages in enhancing the physical properties compared to the use of polymers alone. The composites can be further improved, especially in melt processing, if they can be manufactured without the use of any organic solvent (Skaff et al., 2008). The Polypropylene—montmorillonite composites were... 

Kim, S.J. Moon, J.B. Kim, G.H. Ha, C.S. (2008). Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Natural Fiber Composites Comparison of Wood Fiber and Cotton Fiber. Polymer Testing, Vol.27, No. 7, (October 2008), pp. 801-806, ISSN 0142-9418 Kotek, J. Kelnar, L Studenovsky, M. Baldrian J. (2005). Chlorosulfonated polypropylene preparation and its application as a coupling agent in polypropylene-clay nanocomposites. Polymer, Vol. 46, No. 16, (June 2005), pp. 4876-4881, ISSN 0032-3861... 

Wang, Y., Chen, F.-B., Li, Y.-C., and Wu, K.-C. 2004. Melt processing of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites modified with maleated polypropylene compatibilizers. Composites Part B 35 111-124. 

Shim, H.H., Joo, J.H., Jung, S.H., and Yoon, J.S. (2007) Effect of silane-grafted polypropylene on the morphology of polypropylene and nylon 6/clay composites. J. Pdym. Sd. Part B Pdym. 

Hapuarachchi TD, Peijs T, Bilotti E (2013) Thermal degradation and flammability behavior of polypropylene/clay/carbon nanotube composite systems. Polym Adv Technol 24 331-338... 

Figure 1.19 TGA thermograms of the polypropylene nanocomposites with imidazohum-modified montmoriUonite. (a) Composites synthesized without compatibilizer (I) pure polymer, (II) 1 voI% clay composites, and (III) 4 vol% clay composite (b) composites synthesized with PP-g-MA compatibilizer (I) pure polymer, (II) pure compatibilizer, and (III) 3 vol% imidazolium-clay composite with 2 wt% compatibilizer. Reproduced from [36] and [43] with permission from Elsevier.

Poly(ethylene-co-MA), 288 grafted to polyethylene, 677 Poly[(ethylene)-g-MA], 459-462 applications, 461, 462 bentonite blends, 461 clay composites, 462 kaolin blends, 461 polypropylene blends, 461 properties, 461... 

Other filler studies include the effect of lignin particles in poly-3-hydroxy butyrate [57], PS-clay composites [58], nanosilicon particles in polyethylene-polypropylene blends [59], montmorillonitrite in polyethylene oxide [60] and starch filled polypropylene [61]. 

Y.-Q. Zhang, J.-H. Lee, J. M. Rhee, and K. Y. Rhee. Polypropylene-clay nanocomposites prepared by in situ grafting-intercalating in melt. Compositer Science and Technology, 64 (2004), 1383-1389. 

A. Leuteritz, D. Pospiech, B. Kretzschmar, M. Willeke, D. Jehnichen, U. Jentzsch, and A. Janke. Properties of polypropylene clay nanocomposites modified with difunctional compounds. Composite Interfaces, 12 3-4 (2005), 231-242. 

Zaman, H. U., Hun, P. D., Khan, R. A., Yoon, K.-B. Polypropylene/clay nanocomposites Effect of compatibiUzeis on the morphology, mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors. Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materiab. 2012. 

In intumescent fire retardant application, clay was combined with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol in the polypropylene matrix. The fire retarding properties depended on the composition of clay. Ammonium polyphosphate played the role of carbonization catalyst and pcnlacrylhrilol the role of carbonization agent. 

There are two basic types of nanocomposites, in which particles are intercalated or exfoliated. In an intercalated composite the nanodispersed filler still consists of ordered structures of smaller individual particles, packed into intercalated structures. Exfoliated particles are those dispersed into practically individual units, randomly distributed in the composite. Layered silicates, such as montmorillonite clays or organoclays, can be used in nanocomposites. Because clays are hydrophilic and polyolefines are hydrophobic, it is not easy to make a nanocomposite based on polyethylene or polypropylene because of their natural incompatibility. 

Layered clay nano composites have been prepared by melt intercalation for a variety of polymers, including polystyrene [221], nylon-6 [222], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [223], polypropylene [224], polyimide [225], poly(styrene-fo-butadiene) [226], and PEO [227],... 

The possibility of manufacturing nano-composites materials with tailored properties at low cost has gained much interest. In fact, there is already more than two decades of research on those materials. Particular interest has been paid to clay nano-platelets and their composites with non-polar thermoplastic polyolefin matrixes, namely polypropylene (PP). 

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