Polypropylene CaCO

Z. Demjen, Modification of Interfacial Interaction with Trialkoxyfunctional Silane Compounds in Polypropylene - CaCO Composites, Technical University of Budapest, Hungary, 1997. [Ph.D. Thesis]. 

A.5 Effect of CaCOs on the Thermal Properties of Polypropylene. CaCOs is added to polymers as a filler with the intent of lowering material costs. Calculate the thermal conductivity, the heat capacity, and the density of a polypropylene composite containing 40 wt% CaCOs. Take the following properties for PP ... 

Figure 10.1 shows the effect of the addition of fillers to polypropylene on its crystallinity. This study was conducted under the same conditions for all specimens tested. There is a difference in the effect of CaCO-, and talc. Calcium carbonate lacks surface functional groups so it tends to have a very small influence on crystallinity and the crystallization behavior. Talc has interacting functional groups on its surface which cause the increase in crystallinity along with the concentration increase. 

Nucleating agents not only shorten the time of crystallization but also improve the mechanical properties of materials. Polypropylene processed with a nucleating agent (2% CaCOs) had its impact strength and modulus increased by 50%. ... 

Figure 10.9 shows the kinetics of spherulite growth in polypropylene containing different amounts of CaCOs. Polypropylene with no filler grew spherulites of a large size over a long period of time. The addition of CaCO reduced the ultimate size of the spherulite and also shortened the time to reach an equilibrium size. ... 

Figure 10.16 gives data on orientation of crystallites in polypropylene containing various amounts of CaCO ). Maximum orientation of crystallites is obtained when the concentration of calcium carbonate is in the range of 15-20%. REFERENCES... 

Minerals often contain admixtures (such as free metals) which catalyze thermo-and/or photooxidation of the filled plastic. This subject will be considered in more detail in Chapter 15. Here we give just two examples of fading of CaCOs-fllled HDPE and polypropylene, with 76 and 80% w/w of the filler, respectively. The matrix had the melt flow index equal to 1 g/10 min (HDPE) and 8 g/10 min (polypropylene). Ashing of the both filled plastics at 525°C gave ash content of... 

Effect of talc on flexural strength and modulus of plastics is often higher compared with that of calcium carbonate. For example, polypropylene filled with 58% CaC03 had flex strength and modulus of 4430 270 and 365,000 44,000 psi, respectively, but the same polypropylene filled with 20% CaCOs and 30% talc had flex strength and modulus of 6125 + 100 and 486000 18000 psi, respectively. 

Scarlatti, V. Oehr, C. Diegelmann, C. Lobman, P. (2004). Influence of plasma functionalization of polypropylene with acrylic acid on the nucleation of CaCOs. Plasma Processes Polym., Vol. 1, pp. 51-56, ISSN 1612-8850. 

Ma,C.G. Mai, Y.L. Rong, M.Z. Ruan, W.H. Zhang M.Q. (2007). Phase structure and mechanical properties of ternary polypropylene/elastomer/nano-CaCOs composites. Composites Science and Technology, vol.67, No.l4, pp.2997-3005, ISSN ... 

Because of the different loading conditions, the values Jst and Thd cannot be compared. An example is given for polypropylene materials filled with talc in different qualities and CaCOs in Fig. 3.6 and Fig. 3.7. It can be shown that the VST is independent on filler quality and amount (Fig. 3.7). In this case, the polypropylene material is aheterophasic propylene-ethylene copolymer and differs in ethylene content (0,6 and 10 mol.-%). The difference in polypropylene materials is the only one reason for the difference of the Vicat softening temperatures. The heat distortion temperature shows another behaviour. Here both, the HDT A and the HDT B values increase with increasing filler content (Fig. 3.6 a, b). 

Zeb Zebarjad, S. M., Sajjadi, S. A., Tahani, M. Modification of fracture toughness of isotactic polypropylene with a combination of EPR and CaCOs particles. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 175... 

The TiO nanoparticles can be modified by vinyltrimethoxysilane for dispersing in polyethylene matrix [37]. In a similar manner, the SiO nanoparticle is modified by the 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycydyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to improve the mechanical properties [38] and fractme toughness [39] respectively. ZnO nanoparticle is modified by 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPMA) surfactant [34]. Researchers have also modified the CaCO nanoparticle with stearic acid to improve the compatibility with the polypropylene matrix [30,40]. 

Carpet is a complex, multicomponent system. The tufted carpet, the most common type (90%) as shown in Figure 16.1, typically consists of two layers of backing (mostly polypropylene fabrics), joined by CaCOs-filled styrene-butadiene latex mbber (SBR), and face fibers (majority being nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 textured yams) tufted into the primary backing. The SBR adhesive is a thermoset material, which cannot be remelted or reshaped. The waste containing the SBR (postconsumer and some industrial waste) has not found suitable uses, and it forms the major part of the carpet waste going into the landfills. Figure 16.2 shows the typical masses for the various components [13]. 

Impact tests of pre-cavitated samples of rubber-toughened Nylon (pre-cavitation obtained by a slight tensile pre-straining at low deformation rate) demonstrated their impact behavior very similar to samples without initial cavities (Gaymans 1994). Similar results were reported by Dasari et al. (2010) for polypropylene and PP/CaCOs nanocomposites pre-cavitated during processing. They observed that the... 

Vestolen EM EPR- or EPDM-modified polypropylene, I , containing talc, CaCOs, glass fibers, mineral, or not Hills AG... 

Rahma, F. and Fellahi, S. (2000) Performance evaluation of synthesized acrylic acid grafted polypropylene within CaCOs/polypropylene composites. Polym. Compos., 21 (2), 175-186. 

Particulate-filled composites are widely used in many fields of application. The filler used in largest quantity is CaCOs, which is added mainly to poly(vinyl chloride), but significant amounts are used also in polypropylene, polyethylene and other polymers. Typical products prepared from CaCOs-filled composites are sewer and drainage pipes, garden furniture and breathable films [1]. The properties of particulate-filled polymers are determined by several factors, of which interfacial interactions are extremely important [2, 3]. Particle-particle and... 

Of the various mineral fillers used, calcium carbonate (CaCO ) is one of the most common, due mainly to its availability in readily usable form and low cost [76]. However, the incompatibility of its high energetic hydrophilic surface with the low-energy surface of hydrophobic polymers, e.g., polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), is a particular problem. For this and other reasons, the surface of calcite is often rendered organophilic by a variety of surface modifiers such as silanes, titanates, phosphates, and stearic acid. 

Fig. 43 The frequency dependence of loss modulus G" at 200°C for CaCOs-filled polypropylenes. 0 of the samples are the same as in Fig. 42. (From Ref. 47.)...

Weon J-I and Sue H-J (2006) Mechanical properties of talc- and CaCOs-reinforced high-crystallinity polypropylene composites, J Mater Sci 41 2291-2300. 

Zahareseu, T., Jipa, S., Supaphol, P. Thermal stability of isotactic polypropylene modified with CaCOs nanoparticles. Polym. Bull. 64, 783-790 (2010)... 

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