Organotin polymers

Test Polymers (Organotin) Diallyl Divinyl Diphenyl Dibenzyl Dicyclo... 

Test Polymers (Organotin) Diethyl Dipropyl Di-n-butyl Di-i-Butyl Dioctyl... 

In [222], polymer organotin compounds with sulfur bridges were proposed as stabilizers of suspension polyvinyl chloride. 

Organic derivatives of Group IV find applications in diverse areas. Especially important are the silicone polymers, organotin compounds as stabilizers for plastics and as biocides and organolead antiknock agents for petrol. 

The advantages claimed for organotin polymer-based antifouling paints include constant toxicant deHvery vs time, erosion rate and toxicant deHvery are controUable, no depleted paint residue to remove and dispose, 100% utilization of toxicant, polishing at high erosion rates, surface is self-cleaning, and function is continuously reactivated. 

The concentration of tin catalysts is between 0.001% and 0.5% of the finished polymer. Following production, the catalyst is retained within the polymer (they are homogeneous catalysts) and hence within the finished product (ETICA, 2002), although in some cases the organotin may be partially degraded by the high temperatures used in the production processes. 

Organotin compounds are important industrial chemicals. One major use is as stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastics. These additives, one example of which is dioctyltinmaleate, inhibit degradation of the polymer by heat, light, and oxygen. In the absence of these tin compounds, PVC yellows and becomes brittle. 

Progress in the field of polymer/additive analysis in the last three decades can best be illustrated by an old recipe for the direct determination of organotin stabilisers in PVC [142] ... 

Organotin compounds (biocides and polymer stabilisers) in water were analysed by means of HS-SPME-GC and GC-MS (SIM) [296],... 

LC-tandem MS was recently used for polymer/additive characterisation. In cases of soft ionisation processes (e.g. ESI, APCI, etc.), MS/MS is often necessary to confirm the ionic species. QITMS has the potential to improve the detection limits for organotin analysis compared to QMS. HPLC-UV and LC-API-MS/MS have been employed for the characterisation of the products of photodegradation of benzotriazole-based UV absorbers (Tinuvin P/328/900) under mild conditions [642]. Among the photoproducts identified... 

Potentiometric titration procedures with sodium methoxide have been reported for non-sulfur-containing organotin compounds in solvent extracts of polymers, and for phenolic antioxidants with sodium isopropox-ide in pyridine medium [21]. Organotin compounds in solvent extracts of PVC can be determined by potentiometric and manual titration procedures [487,488]. 

In recent years considerable progress has been made in the synthesis of new organotin monomers and polymers and in their application in various branches of technology. The ever increasing interest in organotin compounds including organotin polymers may be attributed to their unique properties and the possibility to develop novel materials with specified characteristics. 

However, in many papers on polymerization and copolymerization of organotin monomers, the role of complex formation in elementary acts of polymer formation has been either ignored or considered inadequately. 

A large number of studies on the polymerization and copolymerization of tin-containing monomers and the synthesis of new organotin polymers have been reported. In this review article the results are discussed and further ways for research in this interesting and important field of organometallic and polymer chemistry outlined. 

It is believed that novel film-forming materials for coatings will be based on organometallic polymers, the food prospects for organotin film-forming polymers being particularly emphasized 60). 

Recent survey articles 61,62) are mainly concerned with the synthesis, properties and applications of carbon-chain organotin polymers and with the use of organotin compounds in polymer chemistry as stabilizers, fungicides, etc. It should particularly be noted that polymers on the basis of trialkylstannyl methacrylates exhibit biocide properties. 

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